Urolithins in Human Breast Milk after Walnut Intake and Kinetics of <i>Gordonibacter</i> Colonization in Newly Born: The Role of Mothers’ Urolithin Metabotypes

Cortés‐Martín, Adrián; Garcı́a-Villalba, Rocío; García-Mantrana, Izaskun; Rodríguez-Varela, Ana; Romo‐Vaquero, María; Collado, María Carmen; Tomás‐Barberán, Francisco A; Espı́n, Juan Carlos; Selma, María V.

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04821

Cited by 20 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The type of Uros excreted in breast milk depended on the maternal UM. [7] The profile of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota depends on the host species' characteristics, probably linked to individual differences in the microbiota composition. [8] In previous investigations, nasutin was identified as one of the ET metabolites in rats.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota

Garcı́a-Villalba

Giménez‐Bastida

Cortés‐Martín

et al. 2022

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Urolithins, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from the polyphenols ellagitannins and ellagic acid, are discovered by the research group in humans almost 20 years ago. Pioneering research suggests urolithins as pleiotropic bioactive contributors to explain the health benefits after consuming ellagitannin‐rich sources (pomegranates, walnuts, strawberries, etc.). Here, this study comprehensively updates the knowledge on urolithins, emphasizing the review of the literature published during the last 5 years. To date, 13 urolithins and their corresponding conjugated metabolites (glucuronides, sulfates, etc.) have been described and, depending on the urolithin, detected in different human fluids and tissues (urine, blood, feces, breastmilk, prostate, colon, and breast tissues). There has been a substantial advance in the research on microorganisms involved in urolithin production, along with the compositional and functional characterization of the gut microbiota associated with urolithins metabolism that gives rise to the so‐called urolithin metabotypes (UM‐A, UM‐B, and UM‐0), relevant in human health. The design of in vitro studies using physiologically relevant assay conditions (molecular forms and concentrations) is still a pending subject, making some reported urolithin activities questionable. In contrast, remarkable progress has been made in the research on the safety, bioactivity, and associated mechanisms of urolithin A, including the first human interventions.

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Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota

Garcı́a-Villalba

Giménez‐Bastida

Cortés‐Martín

et al. 2022

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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136

113

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“…Adlercreutzia equolifaciens is an equol-producing bacterium [ 28 ]. It was found that Adlercreutzia was predominant in individuals characterized by urolithin A production [ 29 ]. Whether it is also involved in urolithin production requires further validation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weizmannia coagulans BC2000 Plus Ellagic Acid Inhibits High-Fat-Induced Insulin Resistance by Remodeling the Gut Microbiota and Activating the Hepatic Autophagy Pathway in Mice

Jin

Dang

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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(1) Background: Ellagic acid (EA) acts as a product of gut microbiota transformation to prevent insulin resistance, which is limited by high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dysbiosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects and mechanisms of supplementation with the probiotic Weizmannia coagulans (W. coagulans) on the prevention of insulin resistance by EA; (2) Methods: C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): low-fat-diet group, high-fat-diet group, EA intervention group, EA + W. coagulans BC77 group, and EA + W. coagulans BC2000 group; (3) Result: W. coagulans BC2000 showed a synergistic effect on EA’s lowering insulin resistance index and inhibiting high-fat diet-induced endotoxemia. The combined effect of BC2000 and EA activated the autophagy pathway in the mouse liver, a urolithin-like effect. This was associated with altered β-diversity of gut microbiota and increased Eggerthellaceae, a potential EA-converting family. Ellagic acid treatment alone and the combined use of ellagic acid and W. coagulans BC77 failed to activate the hepatic autophagy pathway; (4) Conclusions: W. coagulans BC2000 can assist EA in its role of preventing insulin resistance. This study provides a basis for the development of EA-rich functional food supplemented with W. coagulans BC2000.

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“…Thus, this difference in microbiota composition would further influence the health benefits associated with ellagitannin-rich food ( 34 ). Notably, urolithins have been found in breast milk of mothers, who consume ellagitannin rich walnut, and it resembles Urolilithin metabotypes of the mothers as well ( 35 ). Investigations on how these bacteria can improve the metabolism of an ellagitannin-rich food, how would it further bring about health benefits, and an examination of its safety aspects are vital before considering them as a potential probiotic.…”

Section: Colon Bacteria: the Cooks Who Brought Out The Delicacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithins: The Colon Microbiota Metabolites as Endocrine Modulators: Prospects and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been used in hormone related disorders, and their role in clinical medicine is evolving. Tamoxifen and raloxifen are the most commonly used synthetic SERMs, and their long-term use are known to create side effects. Hence, efforts have been directed to identify molecules which could retain the beneficial effects of estrogen, at the same time produce minimal side effects. Urolithins, the products of colon microbiota from ellagitannin rich foodstuff, have immense health benefits and have been demonstrated to bind to estrogen receptors. This class of compounds holds promise as therapeutic and nutritional supplement in cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, muscle health, neurological disorders, and cancers of breast, endometrium, and prostate, or, in essence, most of the hormone/endocrine-dependent diseases. One of our findings from the past decade of research on SERMs and estrogen modulators, showed that pomegranate, one of the indirect but major sources of urolithins, can act as SERM. The prospect of urolithins to act as agonist, antagonist, or SERM will depend on its structure; the estrogen receptor conformational change, availability and abundance of co-activators/co-repressors in the target tissues, and also the presence of other estrogen receptor ligands. Given that, urolithins need to be carefully studied for its SERM activity considering the pleotropic action of estrogen receptors and its numerous roles in physiological systems. In this review, we unveil the possibility of urolithins as a potent SERM, which we are currently investigating, in the hormone dependent tissues.

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Urolithins in Human Breast Milk after Walnut Intake and Kinetics of Gordonibacter Colonization in Newly Born: The Role of Mothers’ Urolithin Metabotypes

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota

Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota

Weizmannia coagulans BC2000 Plus Ellagic Acid Inhibits High-Fat-Induced Insulin Resistance by Remodeling the Gut Microbiota and Activating the Hepatic Autophagy Pathway in Mice

Urolithins: The Colon Microbiota Metabolites as Endocrine Modulators: Prospects and Perspectives

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