Urticaria caused by Type IV sensitization to isothiazolinones

Gebhardt, M.; Looks, A.; Hipler, Uta‐Christina

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00015.x

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…No respiratory complaints were observed, although reported [28]. Of note, isothiazolinones can cause unusual clinical manifestations such as lupus-like skin lesions [29], urticaria [30], or even mimic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma [31]. Interestingly, MI can also act as a relevant sensitizer at the mucosal level, for example in the anogenital region, due to the use of sexual lubricants or wet wipes [11], and also at the oral mucosa [14].…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact allergy caused by methylisothiazolinone: the Belgian-French experience

Aerts

Goossens

Giordano‐Labadie

2015

European Journal of Dermatology

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Contact allergy caused by methylisothiazolinone: the Belgian-French experienceThe chemical Kathon CG ® , a mixture of the preservatives methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI), was the leading cause of a worldwide epidemic of contact-allergic reactions in the eighties. From 2000 on, MI alone became allowed in industrial products and in 2005 authorities gave a green light for its use in leave-on and rinse-off cosmetics up to a maximum concentration of 100 ppm (0.01%). Following initial occupational cases, a continuously increasing number of consumers sensitized to MI have been reported and both Belgian and French allergy groups decided to routinely test MI in their baseline series from 2010 onwards. Two multicenter studies, comprising 8,680 and 7,874 patients in Belgium and France respectively, both clearly show the rise in contact allergy caused by MI, with a spectacular sensitization rate of ∼ 6.0% in 2012, even increasing to 7.0% in 2013. Mostly middle-aged women, presenting with facial-and/or hand dermatitis, were affected, although very young children were reported as well. Furthermore, the data confirmed that sensitization is primarily caused by cosmetics (mostly leave-on, but also rinse-off), household detergents and water-based paint. This unprecedented outbreak of contact sensitization to a preservative agent in Europe, and beyond, should have alerted the authorities much sooner and meanwhile the need for safer use concentrations of MI in cosmetics, detergents and industrial products is becoming more urgent every day.

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Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact allergy caused by methylisothiazolinone: the Belgian-French experience

Aerts

Goossens

Giordano‐Labadie

2015

European Journal of Dermatology

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“…The morphology of MCI/MI allergy is that of a typical contact dermatitis but may be patchy and mimic seborrheic dermatitis. In rare cases, urticaria1 (89). lupus-like and lymphocytic infiltrate type have been described (90).…”

Section: Imi/i3pimentioning

confidence: 99%

An update of the risk assessment for methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) with focus on rinse‐off products

1999

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Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCUMI) has been widely used during the last 20 years for the preservation of aqueous systems in cosmetics, toiletries and in various industrial applications. MCI/MI has a broad spectrum of activity against fungi and bacteria at very low concentrations. The allergic contact potential of MCI/MI has been known for many years. This paper provides a review of pre-clinical and clinical experimental studies as well as experience from dermatology clinics worldwide. This forms the basis for an update of the risk assessment for the use of MCUMI in rinse-off products. The scientific data indicate that the actual sensitization rate observed with a contact allergen is extremely dependent on dose and type of exposure. This review of the data leads to the conclusion that, under normal use conditions, within the current permitted/ recommended use concentrations for MCI/MI of up to 15ppm, the risk of primary sensitization from the use of rinse-off products is negligible, and elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis in MCI/MI-sensitized individuals rare, after exposure to MCUMI-preserved rinse-off products.

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“…Our patient also had urticarial lesions, although the open test to the white glue at 30 min was negative. Gebhardt et al (11) reported urticaria caused by Type-IV sensitization to isothiazolinones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%