Usability of the GPS Precise Point Positioning Technique in Marine Applications

Abstract

This study investigates the accuracy of an online Precise Point Positioning (PPP) service operated by the Geodetic Survey Division of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Canadian Spatial Reference System (CSRS)-PPP, by using single/dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected by dual-frequency geodetic-grade and Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) board type single-frequency GPS receivers. In this work, a kinematic test was carried out in Halic Bay (Golden Horn), Istanbul, Turkey, to assess the performance of the PPP method in a dynamic environment. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the coordinates estimated from the online CSRS-PPP service have a potential of about metre-level accuracy by processing single frequency data collected by an OEM receiver and about a decimetre to a few centimetres level accuracy by processing dual frequency data collected by a geodetic-grade receiver. In general, results show that the PPP technique has become a significant alternative to the conventional relative (differential) positioning techniques (i.e., Differential GPS (DGPS), Real-time Kinematic (RTK) ). The technique does not suffer from the drawbacks of the DGPS technique and has potential to provide the same position accuracy without the requirement for a reference station. Consequently, it has been concluded that the PPP technique may be effectively used in marine applications due to its ease of use and provision of high accuracy, as well as being able to offer reduced field operational costs. K E Y WO R D S 1. OEM GPS receiver.2. PPP. 3. Web-based service. 4. Marine applications.

Igs08.atx to igs14.atx change dependent differences in a GNSS- derived position time series

“…PPP results using 24-hour observations are characterized by millimetre accuracy, both in the integer ambiguity of phase measurements determination as well as in the float solution variants. The results obtained in different studies prove (Alkan and Öcalan, 2013;Mohammed et al, 2016) that in the case of short, sub-hours sessions this accuracy significantly falls. This part of the paper contains analysis regarding the impact of updating PCC models on a sub-daily derived position component time series.…”

“…The time series of coordinates were derived from the GNSS observations processing using the precise point positioning (PPP) technique. The advantages and limitations of PPP positioning have been described, among others, in Kouba and Héroux (2001), El-Mowafy (2011), Rizos et al (2012), Alkan and Öcalan (2013), Yigit et al (2013) and Mohammed et al (2016).…”

A comparative study for accuracy assessment of PPP technique using GPS and GLONASS in urban areas

“…From 1990's to the present, many researchers have focused on the theory and application of the PPP technique (Zumberge et al 1997;Kouba and Héroux, 2001;Gao and Shen, 2002;Kouba, 2003;Choy et al 2007;Geng et al 2010;Martín et al 2011;van Bree and Tiberius, 2012;Alkan and Öcalan, 2013;Anquela et al 2013). …”

A temporal analysis of vessel type traffic in Istanbul Strait anchorages

“…On the other hand, the Istanbul Strait, one of the busiest waterways in the world and the only sea route between the Mediterranean, Aegean, and the Black Sea, is a logistic node in the region that necessitates constant attention [1]. In this regard, previous studies concentrated on the improvement of marine traffic management in the Istanbul Strait via a number of methodologies including the following: proposing a mathematical formulation for maritime scheduling [2], suggesting a particular navigation safety support model [3], offering local traffic separation schemes [4], performance evaluation of the service of an online precise point positioning (PPP) system with the aim of positioning in Halic Bay [5], and applying the method of generic fuzzy analytic hierarchy for evaluating maritime risks [6]. On the other hand, a maritime accident analysis in the Southern Anchorage Area can be found in [7].…”