Usage de psychostimulants dans un contexte sexuel : analyse des cas rapportés au Réseau français des centres d’addictovigilance. Évaluation des risques liés à la pratique du SLAM

Batisse, Anne; Peyrière, Hélène; Eiden, Céline; Courne, Marie-Anne; Djezzar, Samira; d’addictovigilance, Réseau français des centres

doi:10.1016/j.therap.2016.04.003

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…GOLD PFP column, compounds were detected by a TSQ Vantage mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition. 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC), methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and doxylamine were found in proximal segment at very low concentrations (3,5, and 9 pg/mg, respectively) which is in agreement with a single exposure in the previous month corresponding to the alleged facts. These substances were not detected in segments B and C showing a lack of repetitive exposure before the alleged event.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

“…18 This practice is widely documented as part of chemsex, where men have sex with men in a context of drug injection (slam) or use. 5,6,19 In that situation, the use of drugs is thought to be consensual from the 2 partners to enhance sexual stamina and libido. However, cathinone use for sexual assault has rarely been documented.…”

Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Their use as psychostimulants and entactogens has widely been reported in sexual contexts, especially in men who have sex with men (MSM) in order to increase sexual performance and libido. 5,6 However, these drugs have rarely been encountered in drug facilitated crime (DFC) including DFSA. 7,8 This could be related to the fact that these substances do not induce anterograde memory loss, a desired symptom for a sexual assault.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug‐facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) involving 4‐methylethcathinone (4‐MEC), 3,4‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and doxylamine highlighted by hair analysis

Larabi

Martin

Etting

et al. 2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Recently, the emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has led to their wide use among clubbers and men who have sex with men (MSM) for their stimulant effects. However, their use in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) has rarely been described. Herein we report a case of a 44-year-old man who was assaulted after a party. Due to late reporting of the offense, only hair (black) was sampled 15 days later and a segmental analysis was achieved to look for most DFSA agents and NPS. Twenty mg of each segment (A: 0-1 cm, B: 1-3 cm, and C: 3-5 cm) were incubated in phosphate buffer pH 5.0. After alkaline liquid extraction and chromatographic separation on 1.9 μm Hypersil GOLD PFP column, compounds were detected by a TSQ Vantage mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition. 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC), methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and doxylamine were found in proximal segment at very low concentrations (3, 5, and 9 pg/mg, respectively) which is in agreement with a single exposure in the previous month corresponding to the alleged facts. These substances were not detected in segments B and C showing a lack of repetitive exposure before the alleged event. Thus, the results do not contradict the patient's claim of being assaulted. Doxylamine has already been encountered in such cases but no publications referring to 4-MEC or MDPV use have ever been documented. Our case reports the unusual administration of cathinones to achieve a sexual assault and stresses the interest of looking for designer drugs when dealing with DFSA cases.

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supporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug‐facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) involving 4‐methylethcathinone (4‐MEC), 3,4‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and doxylamine highlighted by hair analysis

Larabi

Martin

Etting

et al. 2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Thus, polydrug use in slam leads to increased physical (mainly cardiovascular) and neuropsychiatric risks, especially if the user suffers from preexisting illnesses. Moreover, high and frequent doses of drugs are often being used in long sessions of slam (4,8,31,32,58,59), which increases the risk of toxicity of each product. The Nots did not provide the frequency and the number of injections and therefore the total quantity of drugs administered per session.…”

Section: Pharmacological and Toxicological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathinone Use Disorder in the Context of Slam Practice: New Pharmacological and Clinical Challenges

Schreck

Guerlais²,

Laforgue

et al. 2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: "Slam" has emerged since 2008 as a new international phenomenon among men who have sex with men (MSM); it consists of the intravenous injection of drugs before or during planned sexual activity. The practice of slam is associated with the use of psychostimulants, including synthetic cathinones. Methods: All spontaneous notifications (Nots) of slam practice reported between January 2012 and October 2019 at the Nantes addictovigilance center in France were collected and analyzed. The purpose of this work was to analyze cases of slam to characterize cathinone use disorder according to the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and to further our knowledge of slam practice based on data on drug use, risk taking and harmful consequences. Results: We collected 39 slam Nots. The severity of cathinone use disorder was mild, moderate and severe for 18%, 12%, and 58% of the patients, respectively. "Much time spent using cathinone" was the diagnostic criterion most often cited (82%). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to evaluate the presence of a cathinone use disorder. Cathinone use disorder seems particularly important in this population of users, and negative consequences of slam practice appear quickly.

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“…Most papers focused on cross-sec- tional studies; 2 were cohort studies [32,33] and 1 was a case-control study [34]. Most studies presented data prospectively; 10 were retrospective studies [17,19,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Only 1 study focused on a general population of homosexual and heterosexual men and women [34].…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slam Practice: A Review of the Literature

Schreck¹,

Victorri‐Vigneau

Guerlais³

et al. 2020

Eur Addict Res

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Background: Slamming has been developing since 2011 as a new international phenomenon, mostly among men who have sex with men (MSM). It consists of intravenous drug injection before or during planned sexual activity to sustain, enhance, disinhibit, or facilitate the experience. We aimed to synthesize the available published evidence through a systematic literature review in order to precisely describe this phenomenon and to better characterize the population engaging in this practice and its specific motives. Methods: A systematic review of the available literature was conducted to identify all relevant publications using PubMed, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. To complete the review, we followed the recommendations of the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” method. We limited the search to studies published between January 2008 and May 2020. Results: Our search identified 530 publications, of which 27 were included in the final data synthesis. One study focused on heterosexual and homosexual subpopulations, and all other studies focused on MSM-specific samples. Among MSM, slam prevalence was extremely variable, ranging from 2 to 91%; regarding other sexually active subjects, prevalence ranged from 7 to 14%. The prevalence of HIV-positive subjects varied widely across studies, ranging from 0.6 to 100%. We found less data about hepatitis C virus serostatus, ranging from 3 to 100%. Methamphetamine and mephedrone were the 2 most used drugs. Discussion/Conclusion: The data we found in international literature were very heterogeneous and from poorly reproducible studies. The definition of slamming in the international literature is not always clear, which limits the completeness of the collected data. This topic has been open to studies only recently; however, health professionals must be trained in the management of this practice, considering its risks in the short and medium terms and its addictive potential. We provided and discussed recommendations and potential future directions.

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Usage de psychostimulants dans un contexte sexuel : analyse des cas rapportés au Réseau français des centres d’addictovigilance. Évaluation des risques liés à la pratique du SLAM

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Drug‐facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) involving 4‐methylethcathinone (4‐MEC), 3,4‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and doxylamine highlighted by hair analysis

Drug‐facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) involving 4‐methylethcathinone (4‐MEC), 3,4‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and doxylamine highlighted by hair analysis

Cathinone Use Disorder in the Context of Slam Practice: New Pharmacological and Clinical Challenges

Slam Practice: A Review of the Literature

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