Usage efficiency of primary resources as an indicator of technological development: A retrospective analysis and forecast

Abstract

Problems of measuring and forecasting the level of technological development of the economy are discussed in this article. An approach to measuring the level of technological development with the use of an index of the intensity of use in primary resources or an index of productivity in primary resources is offered and proven. A method for forecasting the technological development of the economy and industries on the basis of economic and technological analogies is worked out and implemented.

Employment and effective employment in the Russian economy

“…The indicator of the dynamics of primary resource productivity is proposed to be apply as an indicator of technological changes in the economy and its individ ual industries [1]. As is shown in that work, even during the times of the economic downturn of 1992-1998, in the Russian economy, there was an increase in produc tivity via used primary resources and, therefore, an increase in the technological level of production.…”

“…Excess employment is also formed by part time employees, the maximum value 1 which, according to the Federal State Statistics Service for the period from 1995 to 2004, was in 1996 (10.7 mln people) (Fig. 2).…”

“…Another work [9] provides an 1 Total of value, which includes the number of employees working part time by the initiative of their management and the number of employees who had a vacation by the initiative of their man agement.…”

“…This process was accompanied, however, by a certain improvement in the quality of the remaining fixed assets [1]. Thus, the formally measured rate of labor return was decreasing under the conditions of improving capital quality.…”

Long-term development of the Russian economy and the problem of labour productivity

“…The technological component of labor productivity can be estimated by comparing the cost level of pri mary resources [5]. The efficiency of the use of mate rials and supplies (electricity, oil, gas, petroleum prod ucts, metals, chemical products, and wood) largely reflects the technological development of the econ omy.…”