Use Cases for Autonomous Driving

Wachenfeld, Walther; Winner, Hermann; Gerdes, J. Christian; Lenz, Barbara; Maurer, Markus; Beiker, Sven; Fraedrich, Eva; Winkle, Thomas

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_2

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In line with previous studies that emphasized the need to specify and differentiate autonomous driving in relation to different development paths (see Fraedrich et al, 2015;Heinrichs, 2016;Wachenfeld et al, 2016), four different uses cases of autonomous driving 1 Though there has been an ongoing discussion for decades whether the often differing methodological, epistemological/theoretical paradigms of quantitative and qualitative approaches actually allow it to combine them (see Tashakkori and Teddlie, 2003) we decided to use a rather pragmatic but nevertheless also very common approach (see Johnson and Omwuegbuzie, 2004). 2 As this is the entire population of transport city planning authorities dedicated to automatization in Germany, the responses are not treated as a sample but as a census of a small population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Autonomous driving, the built environment and policy implications

Fraedrich

Heinrichs

Bahamonde-Birke

et al. 2019

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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This article seeks to clarify how autonomous vehicles (AV) could affect urban planning and the built environment, to what extent these effects are compatible with municipalities' existing objectives, and what lessons can be drawn from that. The paper combines a systematic review of the literature, a quantitative online survey and qualitative interviews with representatives from urban transport planning authorities in Germany. Four concrete 'use cases' were applied to structure the survey.Results show that respondents are rather skeptical about the compatibility of AV with existing transport and urban planning objectives, above all to strengthen non-motorized transportation and to promote public transportation. Particularly, automating private motorized travel appears not to match municipal planning perspectives. On the contrary, transport planners think that shared autonomous vehicles as a complement to public transport systems are more appropriate to support urban development strategies. Their most prominent concern with respect to AV is the expectation that car travel will increase with AV, propagating problems like congestion and negative environmental effects. However, survey respondents expect that effects differ quite strongly depending on how AV will occur.As a lesson, the study suggests that different AV use cases should receive specific attention to explore their potentials and challenges. The study likewise suggests to, given the discrepancy between the objectives of urban transport planning and federal government's policy focus, consider consolidating the communal strategic positions on research and development priorities. The results indicate a demand for studies that demonstrate how AV can respond to more fundamental challenges and goals that city planner's face. Given the wide range of potential implications, the study suggests to broaden the debate from its present primary focus on the transport planning domain to city planning and development.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Autonomous driving, the built environment and policy implications

Fraedrich

Heinrichs

Bahamonde-Birke

et al. 2019

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

Self Cite

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“…First, they are used exclusively for highspeed vehicle traffic. Second, access is only possible by special connecting elements, such as on/off ramps (Wachenfeld et al 2016). This means they will be devoid of pedestrians and cyclists, as well as intersections.…”

Section: Scenario 2: Dark Highwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means they will be devoid of pedestrians and cyclists, as well as intersections. Despite their high speeds, the simple surroundings, driving tasks, and minimal "dynamic objects" means that this can be considered as an introductory use case for autonomous systems (Wachenfeld et al 2016).…”

Section: Scenario 2: Dark Highwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving in the Dark: Designing Autonomous Vehicles for Reducing Light Pollution

2019

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This paper proposes that autonomous vehicles should be designed to reduce light pollution. In support of this specific proposal, a moral assessment of autonomous vehicles more comprehensive than the dilemmatic life-and-death questions of trolley problem-style situations is presented. The paper therefore consists of two interrelated arguments. The first is that autonomous vehicles are currently still a technology in development, and not one that has acquired its definitive shape, meaning the design of both the vehicles and the surrounding infrastructure is open-ended. Design for values is utilized to articulate a path forward, by which engineering ethics should strive to incorporate values into a technology during its development phase. Second, it is argued that nighttime lighting-a critical supporting infrastructure-should be a prima facie consideration for autonomous vehicles during their development phase. It is shown that a reduction in light pollution, and more boldly a better balance of lighting and darkness, can be achieved via the design of future autonomous vehicles. Two case studies are examined (parking lots and highways) through which autonomous vehicles may be designed for "driving in the dark." Nighttime lighting issues are thus inserted into a broader ethics of autonomous vehicles, while simultaneously introducing questions of autonomous vehicles into debates about light pollution.

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“…Autonomous driving, where decision-making systems take over as drivers without requiring any human intervention, is a future goal on every stakeholder's mind. Some typical use cases for autonomous driving are [269]:…”

Section: Autonomous Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%