Use Liposome as a Designable Platform for Molecular Recognition ~ from “Statistical Separation” to “Recognitive Separation” ~

Abstract

A liposome membrane system attracts much interest for its use as a "designable" interface for the recognition of various biomolecules because it can provide a hydrophobic nano-environment in aqueous solution and can also induce a dynamic nature in response to the variation of its environment. The methods to characterize the membrane properties of liposome have been reviewed, focusing on the micro-phase separation of different lipids on the membrane and, also, nano-domain formation there.A possible design of the liposome membrane for the recognition of biomacromolecules was discussed based on the characterized properties, by employing the RNA molecule as a case study. Finally, a possible extension of the above-described strategy toward "recognitive separation" is discussed as a future possibility.

Characterization of the physicochemical properties of phospholipid vesicles prepared in CO2/water systems at high pressure

“…2]. A phospholipid powder (4.5 mg), distilled water (3 ml), and CO 2 (gas or liquid) were incubated in the reactor with stirring at various temperatures (25,50 C) and pressures (5, 10 MPa). After 20 min-incubation for equilibration, the sample solutions were decompressed by releasing CO 2 .…”

“…1. From mass balance, the phospholipid yields were estimated for the following systems: (I) CO 2(gas) /water (liquid) , 25 C and 5 MPa; (II) CO 2(gas) / water (liquid) , 50 C and 5 MPa; (III) CO 2(liquid) /water (liquid) , 25 C and 10 MPa; and (IV) CO 2(supercritical) /water (liquid) , 50 C and 10 MPa. To compare the dispersibility of DPPC in water, the vesicle yield was evaluated by the following equation:…”

“…[21][22][23][24] The membrane properties, such as the phase state, membrane fluidity, and membrane polarity, are possible factors to recruit the guest molecules on the membrane surface. 25,26 However, it is assumed that a specific assembled state (i.e., interdigitated membrane) might form in the liquid-liquid-surfactant ternary system. 27 Therefore, it is important to estimate the physicochemical properties of vesicles, such as the membrane fluidity and polarity.…”

Subcritical Water-Assisted Emulsification of Oil / Water: The Effect of the Solubility of the Organic Solvent and Surfactants

“…Since one or two surfactants were used in the emulsification step as shown in Figure 1 hydrophobicities [10]. The liposomes with plural phospholipids showed a phase separation on the lipid membranes due to the mutual miscibility of phospholipids, followed by a morphological change [11].…”

Comparison of the Interfacial Properties of Span 80 Vesicle, W/O Emulsions and Liposomes

“…In many cases, lipid formulation variation is associated with solvent exchange whose common feature is that the vesiculation is induced via a water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water emulsion. Meanwhile, there is little known on the relationship between the variation of lipid formulation and its physicochemical properties, which are important to control such as encapsulation efficiency, adsorption of molecules and molecular function [10,11]. Such an investigation would contribute to a better understanding of the preparation of vesicles with regard to their practical application.…”