Use of Heating Methods and Xylose to Increase Rumen Undegradable Protein of Alternative Protein Sources: 1) Peanut Meal

Rigon, Fernanda; Pereira, David A. B.; Loregian, Kalista E.; Magnani, Elaine; Marcondes, Marcos Inácio; Branco, Renata Helena; Benedeti, Pedro Del Bianco; Paula, E.M.

doi:10.3390/ani13010023

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In order to ascertain if the degradation of AFB 1 was facilitated by proteins or other metabolites in the fermentation supernatant, additional experiments were conducted on the culture supernatant treated with heat, proteinase K, and SDS + proteinase K, following established protocols [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Proteins undergo denaturation and deactivation when exposed to elevated temperatures [ 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Enterococcus faecium HB2-2

Feng,

Cao,

et al. 2024

Foods

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in food and feed is a global health and economic threat, necessitating the immediate development of effective strategies to mitigate its negative effects. This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of Enterococcus faecium HB2-2 (E. faecium HB2-2) as a potent AFB1-degrading microorganism, using morphological observation, biochemical profiling, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. An incubation of E. faecium HB2-2 at 32 °C for 96 h in a pH 10 nutrient broth (NB) medium resulted in a remarkable degradation rate of 90.0% for AFB1. Furthermore, E. faecium HB2-2 demonstrated 82.9% AFB1 degradation rate in the peanut meal, reducing AFB1 levels from 105.1 to 17.9 μg/kg. The AFB1 degradation ability of E. faecium HB2-2 was found to be dependent on the fermentation supernatant. The products of AFB1 degradation by E. faecium HB2-2 were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and a possible degradation mechanism was proposed based on the identified degradation products. Additionally, cytotoxicity assays revealed a significant reduction in the toxicity of the degradation products compared to the parent AFB1. These findings highlight the potential of E. faecium HB2-2 as a safe and effective method for mitigating AFB1 contamination in food and feed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Enterococcus faecium HB2-2

Feng,

Cao,

et al. 2024

Foods

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“…The amount of xylose was the highest for the stems of BL and TAT. Xylose is not a desirable component in feed: it was proven that in high amounts it could reduce ruminal digestibility of various animal feeds [61,62]. Therefore, for the subsequent first experiments, stem samples of MB with comparatively smaller content of xylose were chosen.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Composition By Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulated Animal Feed and Fuel Based on Sea Buckthorn Agro-Waste Biomass for Sustainable Berry Production

et al. 2023

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The industrial harvesting of sea buckthorn (SBT) berries with twigs and subsequent pruning creates a large volume of lignocellulosic agro-waste. This study aimed to valorize this agro-waste as a raw material for animal feed and fuel granules, for developing a sustainable cascading SBT production scheme. Five SBT cultivars’ biomasses were characterized by analytical pyrolysis, mass spectrometry, and GC analysis. Condensed tannins, which are undesirable components for animal feed, were separated by extraction. The residue was analyzed for total protein, vitamins (A, C, and E), ash, crude fat, wood fiber, and macroelements (P, K, Ca, and Na), and showed great potential. The heavy metal (Cd, Hg, and Pb) content did not exceed the permitted EU maximum. Granulation regimes were elaborated using a flat-die pelletizer, KAHL 14-175. The digestibility and the amount of produced gas emissions were determined using in vitro systems that recreate the digestion of small ruminants. The investigation proved that SBT leaves and stems are a unique underutilized source of animal feed, used alone or in combination with others. Twigs, due to their thorns, were granulated and valorized according to standards for application as fuel. The scheme offered in this study enables SBT agro-waste utilization and sustainable SBT berry production.

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“…Soybean, peanut, and cottonseed meals are the main protein sources used in feedlot cattle production in Brazil [7]. Although widely utilized, a significant portion of these feeds' protein is fermented in the rumen [8,9]. Thus, researchers have sought processing techniques (physical and chemical) to enhance protein protection against ruminal fermentation and improve protein utilization [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tannin Inclusion on the Enhancement of Rumen Undegradable Protein of Different Protein Sources

Loregian,

Pereira,

Rigon

et al. 2023

Ruminants

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Tannins can be utilized to increase rumen undegradable protein (RUP) by their capacity to form complexes with diverse nutrients present in the feed. In that regard, high-performance ruminants demand elevated RUP levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating varying levels of tannin into three protein sources (cottonseed, peanut, and soybean meals) on ruminal kinetic parameters, ruminal fermentation, and intestinal digestibility. Thus, three in situ experiments were conducted to investigate the ruminal degradation kinetics, where Fraction A represents the soluble portion, Fraction B relates to the portion potentially degraded in the rumen, and kd denotes the degradation rate of Fraction B, for both dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in the rumen. Additionally, the study assessed dry matter effective degradability (ED), rumen undegradable protein (RUP), and intestinal digestibility (ID). These experiments utilized three cannulated animals for the in situ incubations. Regarding cottonseed meal in terms of DM degradation kinetics, tannin inclusion had a quadratic effect on fraction A (p < 0.01), B (p = 0.10, trend), kd (p = 0.03), and ED (p < 0.01). Fraction A of CP had a cubic effect (p = 0.03), being greater for the control compared with the other treatments. The inclusion of tannin linearly increased RUP (p < 0.01). The RUP proportion increased 29, 33, and 45% when 20, 40, and 60 g/kg tannin were used, respectively, compared to the control. For peanut meal, the A fraction of protein and RUP responded quadratically as tannin was included in peanut meal (p < 0.01). However, tannin levels did not affect fraction B of protein and ID. Regarding soybean meal, fractions A and B of DM and ED had cubic effects (p < 0.01), being greater for the control compared with the other treatments, and responded quadratically as tannin increased. Also, tannin inclusion had a cubic effect on fractions A and B of protein, RUP, and ID (p < 0.01). The cubic behavior showed greater B fraction and ID and lower A fraction and RUP for the control compared other treatments (p < 0.01). Tannins offer a promising avenue for elevating RUP levels in diets featuring cottonseed and peanut meals. Nevertheless, no advantages were observed when treating soybean meal with tannin.

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Use of Heating Methods and Xylose to Increase Rumen Undegradable Protein of Alternative Protein Sources: 1) Peanut Meal

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Biological Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Enterococcus faecium HB2-2

Biological Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Enterococcus faecium HB2-2

Granulated Animal Feed and Fuel Based on Sea Buckthorn Agro-Waste Biomass for Sustainable Berry Production

Effect of Tannin Inclusion on the Enhancement of Rumen Undegradable Protein of Different Protein Sources

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