Use of high‐conductivity sample solution with sweeping‐micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for trace‐level quantification of paliperidone in human plasma

Abstract

Paliperidone is a new antipsychotic drug with a relatively low therapeutic concentration of 20-60 ng/mL. We established an accurate and sensitive CE method for the determination of paliperidone concentrations in human plasma in this study. To minimize matrix effect caused by quantification errors, paliperidone was extracted from human plasma using Oasis HLB SPE cartridges with three-step washing procedure. To achieve sensitive quantification of paliperidone in human plasma, a high-conductivity sample solution with sweeping-MEKC method was applied for analysis. The separation is performed in a BGE composed of 75 mM phosphoric acid, 100 mM SDS, 12% acetonitrile, and 15% tetrahydrofuran. Sample solution consisted of 10% methanol in 250 mM phosphoric acid and the conductivity ratio between sample matrix and BGE was 2.0 (γ, sample/BGE). The results showed it able to detect paliperidone in plasma samples at concentration as low as 10 ng/mL (S/N = 3) with a linear range between 20 and 200 ng/mL. Compared to the conventional MEKC method, the sensitivity enhancement factor of the developed sweeping-MEKC method was 100. Intra- and interday precision of peak area ratios were less than 6.03%; the method accuracy was between 93.4 and 97.9%. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of plasma samples of patients undergoing paliperidone treatment.

Recent progress of sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis (2014–2016)

“…Liu et al. described a sensitive and effective method combining a high conductivity sample with sweeping‐MEKC to quantify trace amounts of paliperidone in human plasma. Cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping followed by MEKC separation was reported by Hernandez‐Mesa et al.…”

Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2014–2016)

“…Sweeping was applied to investigate drugs , hydrophobic cosmetic additives , cationic antibiotics , hydrogensulfide , plasticizers , herbicides , and stimulants . The samples were wastewater, cosmetic products, food, and beverage products (including alcoholic drinks), and human urine and plasma.…”

“…The samples were wastewater, cosmetic products, food, and beverage products (including alcoholic drinks), and human urine and plasma. The analysis of the complex samples required sample preparation including SPE , liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) , solid‐liquid extraction , protein precipitation , derivatization , dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction , and electrophoretic concentration . The sample preparation was beneficial to further improve on detection sensitivity, although in some cases resulted in a tedious and prolonged analytical workflow.…”

Dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction combined with online preconcentration by capillary electrophoresis for the determination of glycopyrrolate stereoisomers in rat plasma

“…In most cases, the CSEI‐Sweeping is usually applied to MEKC system, in which the additives forming micellar phase is SDS. Some research groups have applied this method in some fields including herbal medicine, pharmaceutical, food, and environmental analysis . In addition, cyclodextrins (CDs) are added in the BGE as chiral selector that is widely used in EKC.…”