Use of plasmid profiling as a typing method for epidemiologically related Clostridium perfringens isolates from food poisoning cases and outbreaks

Eisgruber, H.; Wiedmann, Martin; Stolle, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1995.tb00448.x

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Currently, costs and accessibility also remain problematic. A recent comparison of multiple genomes of strains of the same species has shown that considerable gene variation exists within a species, and the term 'pan genome' was coined to denote the cumulative genome deduced from the individual genome sequences [185]. Hence, it is emphasised that analyses based on single-strain genomes of a given species are not likely to be sufficient to make generalisations about the species as a whole.…”

Section: Genome Analysis By Array Hybridisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology

Belkum

Tassios

Dijkshoorn

et al. 2007

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

680

516

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For bacterial typing to be useful, the development, validation and appropriate application of typing methods must follow unified criteria. Over a decade ago, ESGEM, the ESCMID (Europen Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) Study Group on Epidemiological Markers, produced guidelines for optimal use and quality assessment of the then most frequently used typing procedures. We present here an update of these guidelines, taking into account the spectacular increase in the number and quality of typing methods made available over the past decade. Newer and older, phenotypic and genotypic methods for typing of all clinically relevant bacterial species are described according to their principles, advantages and disadvantages. Criteria for their evaluation and application and the interpretation of their results are proposed. Finally, the issues of reporting, standardisation, quality assessment and international networks are discussed. It must be emphasised that typing results can never stand alone and need to be interpreted in the context of all available epidemiological, clinical and demographical data relating to the infectious disease under investigation. A strategic effort on the part of all workers in the field is thus mandatory to combat emerging infectious diseases, as is financial support from national and international granting bodies and health authorities.

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Section: Genome Analysis By Array Hybridisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology

Belkum

Tassios

Dijkshoorn

et al. 2007

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

680

516

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Plasmid typing was the first molecular method to be used as a bacterial typing tool (10,80,164,181,240,273,274,325). Plasmids are self-replicating, often-transferable extrachromosomal DNA elements in the prokaryote cytoplasm.…”

Section: Plasmid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Molecular Techniques to the Study of Hospital Infection

et al. 2006

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SUMMARY Nosocomial infections are an important source of morbidity and mortality in hospital settings, afflicting an estimated 2 million patients in United States each year. This number represents up to 5% of hospitalized patients and results in an estimated 88,000 deaths and 4.5 billion dollars in excess health care costs. Increasingly, hospital-acquired infections with multidrug-resistant pathogens represent a major problem in patients. Understanding pathogen relatedness is essential for determining the epidemiology of nosocomial infections and aiding in the design of rational pathogen control methods. The role of pathogen typing is to determine whether epidemiologically related isolates are also genetically related. To determine molecular relatedness of isolates for epidemiologic investigation, new technologies based on DNA, or molecular analysis, are methods of choice. These DNA-based molecular methodologies include pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR-based typing methods, and multilocus sequence analysis. Establishing clonality of pathogens can aid in the identification of the source (environmental or personnel) of organisms, distinguish infectious from noninfectious strains, and distinguish relapse from reinfection. The integration of molecular typing with conventional hospital epidemiologic surveillance has been proven to be cost-effective due to the associated reduction in the number of nosocomial infections. Cost-effectiveness is maximized through the collaboration of the laboratory, through epidemiologic typing, and the infection control department during epidemiologic investigations.

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“…Many genotypic methods, including plasmid analysis (14,24,35), ribotyping (15,34), PCR (7,12,20), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (10,25,30), and amplified-fragment length polymorphism (27), have already been used, and their discriminatory powers in the study of C. perfringens isolates have been tested. PFGE has been used to study the location of the cpe gene and the isolates associated with non-food-borne human gastrointestinal diseases (10,11,19,37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Clostridium perfringens Related to Food-Borne Outbreaks of Disease in Finland from 1984 to 1999

Lukinmaa

Takkunen

Siitonen

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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From 1975 to 1999, Clostridium perfringens caused 238 food-borne disease outbreaks in Finland, which is 20% of all such reported outbreaks during these years. The fact that C. perfringens is commonly found in human and animal stools and that it is also widespread in the environment is a disadvantage when one is searching for the specific cause of a food-borne infection by traditional methods. In order to strengthen the evidence-based diagnostics of food poisonings suspected to be caused by C. perfringens, we retrospectively investigated 47 C. perfringens isolates by PCR for the cpe gene, which encodes enterotoxin; by reversed passive latex agglutination to detect the enterotoxin production; and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to compare their genotypes after restriction of DNA by the enzymes SmaI and ApaI. The strains were isolated during 1984 to 1999 from nine food-borne outbreaks of disease originally reported as having been caused by C. perfringens. In seven of the nine outbreaks our results supported the fact that the cause was C. perfringens. Our findings emphasize the importance of a more detailed characterization of C. perfringens isolates than mere identification to the species level in order to verify the cause of an outbreak. Also, to increase the probability of finding the significant cpe-positive C. perfringens strains, it is very important to isolate and investigate more than one colony from the fecal culture of a patient and screen all these isolates for the presence of the cpe gene before further laboratory work is done.

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Use of plasmid profiling as a typing method for epidemiologically related Clostridium perfringens isolates from food poisoning cases and outbreaks

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology

Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology

Application of Molecular Techniques to the Study of Hospital Infection

Molecular Epidemiology of Clostridium perfringens Related to Food-Borne Outbreaks of Disease in Finland from 1984 to 1999

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