Use of polyacrylamide as a tissue-equivalent material in the microwave range

Measuring the permittivity and permeability of lossy materials :

“…Andreuccetti et al 1988 [130] 5 to 40 MHz agar, sodium azide, PVC powder Kato et al 1987 [131] 10 to 50 MHz gelatine and NaCl Marchal et al 1989 [132] Figure 48. Conductivity measurements (S/m) on various body components [124] (no uncertainties assigned).…”

“…• Measurements on biological phantoms are summarized in References [124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132]240]. …”

Metal detector studies :

“…Andreuccetti et al 1988 [7] 5 to 40 MHz agar, sodium azide, PVC powder Kato et al 1987 [8] 10 to 50 MHz gelatine and NaCl…”

“…Conductivities of Carbon-Black-Silicone Materials 11 4.6 Glycine-Based Phantom Material 14 5 Discussion 18 6 References 22 7 2.…”

“…Andreuccetti [7] used a mixture of water, polyacrylamide, and salts to produce a semi-solid phantom. Marchal [10] [3] 900 MHz graphite and resin Kobayashi et al 1993 [4] 10 to 100 MHz glycine, NaCl…”