Use of the Galeal Frontalis Myofascial Flap in Craniofacial Surgery

Orbital exenteration: Surgical and reconstructive strategies

“…This technique requires a well-vascularized support for the conjunctiva by pedicled soft tissue (e.g. the temporal muscle [2,30,38], the frontal muscle [6], or a galeaperiostal flap [7,8,9,21,33]) or by free tissue transfer into the orbit [29].…”

Craniofacial resection for malignant neoplasms of the skull base: An overview

“…The pericranial flap is relatively thin and its blood supply somewhat tenuous. A galeal-pericranial flap is stronger and more vascular [37,65]. Elevation of the galealpericranial flap is somewhat tedious since its separation from the scalp during elevation of the scalp flap is through the subcutaneous plane.…”

Surgical treatment of anterior skull base tumours

“…Among them are the galeal flap, the pericranial flap and the temporalis muscle flap. The galea flap is taken from the galea aponeurotica layer of the scalp and can be used for small midline defects [34]. We have never used it, as the tumours that we have treated were always much too large.…”

“…In the past the majority of skull base tumours have been considered inoperable not because of the difficulty of surgical removal, but for lack of reliable methods to reconstruct the skull base following extensive local tissue removal needed for the tumoural exeresis [80]. Small defects can often be repaired by means of local tissue flaps [9,34,35], but extirpation of larger lesions creates formidable defects which for repair need substantial amounts of vascularized tissue to secure an adequate seal and avoid cerebrospinal fluid leaks [24,27,30,40]. That requires the use of vascularized free flaps.…”