Using a Low-Cost Sensor to Estimate Fine Particulate Matter: A Case Study in Samutprakarn, Thailand

Abstract

This study evaluates low-cost sensors (LCSs) for measuring coarse and fine particulate matter (PM) to clarify and measure air pollution. LCSs monitored PM10, PM2.5 (fine particulates), and PM1.0 concentrations at four sites in Samutprakarn, Thailand from December 2021 to April 2022. Average daily PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0 concentrations at the monitoring locations were 53–79, 34–45, and 31–43 μg/m3, respectively. In December 2021, the monitoring station had a daily PM2.5 value above 100 μg/m3, indicating haze occurrences. However, the monitoring site’s daily PM10 and PM1.0 concentrations did not surpass Thailand’s ambient air quality threshold. We also measured and calibrated comparative particulate matter concentrations from LCSs and a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) monitor (Pollution Control Department (PCD) standard analytical method). PM2.5 concentrations from the LCSs were lower than TEOM, but the difference was not statistically significant. The PM2.5 monitoring station provided near-real-time air quality data for health risk reduction, especially when PM levels were high. Based on this study, authorities and local agencies may consider improving air quality regulation in Samutprakan, focusing on suburban PM2.5 air pollution.