Using an analytical power model to survey power saving approaches in backbone networks

Heddeghem, Ward Van; Parker, Michael C.; Lambert, Sofie; Vereecken, Willem; Lannoo, Bart; Colle, Didier; Pickavet, Mario; Demeester, Piet

doi:10.1109/noc.2012.6249942

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Finally, the use of peer-to-peer caching could potentially reduce the caching power consumption overhead (and thus increase the overall savings), as such a scenario would exploit caching in end-user devices that are already on anyway, instead of integrating entirely new caches into the system as above. An 13 Ultra high definition resolutions beyond HDTV are emerging, notably 4K UHD (3840x2160 pixels) and 8K UHD (7680x4320 pixels), but we did not find consistent and comparable data on the evolution of the average bitstream per video stream.…”

Section: Amount Of Traffic Tcontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…We address the above shortcomings based on an analytical model to survey and quantify the power saving potential in backbone networks -Our earlier work [13] was a first response to the various issues identified above; we complete that initial-but incomplete, as it did not contain a consistent and methodological survey, and no saving potential was calculatedproposal in this study. Our methodology is based on a concise analytical model to estimate the power consumption of a backbone network 2 .…”

Section: 'Energy Gap'mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Quantitative Survey of the Power Saving Potential in IP-Over-WDM Backbone Networks

Heddeghem

Lannoo

Colle

et al. 2016

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Abstract-The power consumption in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) networks is growing year by year; this growth presents challenges from a technical, economic and environmental point of view. This has lead to a great number of research publications on 'green' telecommunication networks. In response, a number of survey works have appeared as well. However, with respect to backbone networks most survey works (a) do not allow for an easy cross-validation of the savings reported in the various works, (b) nor do they provide a clear overview of the individual and combined power saving potential. Therefore, in this work we survey the reported saving potential in IP-over-WDM backbone telecommunication networks across the existing body of research in that area. We do this by mapping more than 10 different approaches to a concise analytical model, which allows us to estimate the combined power reduction potential. Our estimates indicate that the power reduction potential of the once-only approaches is 2.3× in a Moderate Effort scenario and 31× in a Best Effort scenario. Factoring in the historic and projected yearly efficiency improvements ("Moore's law") roughly doubles both values on a 10-year horizon. The large difference between the outcome of the Moderate Effort and Best Effort scenario is explained by the disparity and lack of clarity of the reported saving results, and by our (partly) subjective assessment of the feasibility of the proposed approaches. The Moderate Effort scenario will not be sufficient to counter the projected traffic growth, although the Best Effort scenario indicates that sufficient potential is likely available. The largest isolated power reduction potential is available in improving the power associated with cooling and power provisioning, and applying sleep modes to overdimensioned equipment.

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Section: Amount Of Traffic Tcontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: 'Energy Gap'mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Survey of the Power Saving Potential in IP-Over-WDM Backbone Networks

Heddeghem

Lannoo

Colle

et al. 2016

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Authors in [19] model the delay in networks using heterogeneous backhaul solutions, composed of fibre links, xDSL, mmWave, and sub-6 GHz, and derive the mean packet delay over both the radio and backhaul networks. Given that energy consumption has leading importance in future networks, recent works have addressed modelling this backhaul aspect based on carried traffic and topology, such as [45] and [46]. Reliability and security of the backhaul are also critical and are captured in the proposed analytical model in [47].…”

Section: Other Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Distributed SON-Based User-Centric Backhaul Provisioning Scheme

et al. 2016

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5G definition and standardization projects are well underway, and governing characteristics and major challenges have been identified. A critical network element impacting the potential performance of 5G networks is the backhaul, which is expected to expand in length and breadth to cater to the exponential growth of small cells while offering high throughput in the order of gigabit per second and less than 1 ms latency with high resilience and energy efficiency. Such performance may only be possible with direct optical fiber connections that are often not available country-wide and are cumbersome and expensive to deploy. On the other hand, a prime 5G characteristic is diversity, which describes the radio access network, the backhaul, and also the types of user applications and devices. Thus, we propose a novel, distributed, selfoptimized, end-to-end user-cell-backhaul association scheme that intelligently associates users with candidate cells based on corresponding dynamic radio and backhaul conditions while abiding by users' requirements. Radio cells broadcast multiple bias factors, each reflecting a dynamic performance indicator (DPI) of the end-to-end network performance such as capacity, latency, resilience, energy consumption, and so on. A given user would employ these factors to derive a user-centric cell ranking that motivates it to select the cell with radio and backhaul performance that conforms to the user requirements. Reinforcement learning is used at the radio cells to optimise the bias factors for each DPI in a way that maximise the system throughput while minimising the gap between the users' achievable and required end-to-end quality of experience (QoE). Preliminary results show considerable improvement in users' QoE and cumulative system throughput when compared with the state-of-the-art user-cell association schemes.INDEX TERMS Backhaul, fronthaul, user-centric, user-cell association, SON, reinforcement learning, multiple attribute decision making.

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Energy-Efficient Mechanisms for Next-Generation Green Networks

Gupta¹,

Bonde²

2018

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

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Using an analytical power model to survey power saving approaches in backbone networks

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

A Quantitative Survey of the Power Saving Potential in IP-Over-WDM Backbone Networks

A Quantitative Survey of the Power Saving Potential in IP-Over-WDM Backbone Networks

A Distributed SON-Based User-Centric Backhaul Provisioning Scheme

Energy-Efficient Mechanisms for Next-Generation Green Networks

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