Using Cell‐Phone Tower Signals for Detecting the Precursors of Fog

David, Noam; Gao, H. Oliver

doi:10.1002/2017jd027360

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…So, naturally, only those links that intersect with fog help with its detection. Commercial communication signals have proved viable for monitoring temperature inversion and humidity by considering the attenuation caused by the atmospheric refractive index (David and Gao 2018 ). Prior research has demonstrated that the sensitivity of detecting fog increases if the frequency of signals is high and the links are tiny, which is the current demand in high population urban areas, making it suitable both for communication and detection purposes.…”

Section: Fog Forecasting and Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on factors influencing fog formation, classification, forecasting, detection and impacts

Lakra

Avishek

2022

Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei

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With the changing climate and environment, the nature of fog has also changed and because of its impact on humans and other systems, study of fog becomes essential. Hence, the study of its controlling factors such as the characteristics of condensation nuclei, microphysics, air–surface interaction, moisture, heat fluxes and synoptic conditions also become crucial, along with research in the field of prediction and detection. The current review expands for the period between 1976 to 2021, however, especially focused on the research articles published in the last two decades. It considers 250 research papers/research letters, 24 review papers, four book chapters/manuals, five news articles, 15 reports, six conference papers and five other online readings. This review is a compilation of the pros and cons of the techniques used to determine the factors influencing fog formation, its classification, tools and techniques available for its detection and forecast. Some recent advanced are also discussed in this review: role of soil properties on fogs, application of microwave communication links in the detection of fog, new class of smog, and how the cognitive abilities of humans are affected by fog. Recently India and China are facing an emergence and repetitions of fog haze/smog and thus their policies initiatives are also briefly discussed. It is concluded that the complexity in fog forecasting is high due to multiple factors playing a role at multiple levels. Most of the researchers have worked upon the role of humidity, temperature, wind, and boundary layer to predict fogs. However, the role of global wind circulations, soil properties, and anthropogenic heat requires further investigations. Literature shows that fog is being harnessed to address water insecurity in various countries, however, coastal areas of Angola, Namibia and South Africa, Kenya, Eastern Yemen, Oman, China, India, Sri Lanka, Mexico, along with the mountainous regions of Peru, Chile, and Ecuador, are some of the potential sites that can benefit from the installation of fog water harvesting systems.

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Section: Fog Forecasting and Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on factors influencing fog formation, classification, forecasting, detection and impacts

Lakra

Avishek

2022

Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei

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“…Attenuation of MWL signal can be from sources other than rainfall. For instance, variations in water vapour content and air temperature [60,61], strong solar irradiance and multipath propagation can all cause RSL attenuation even in clear sky conditions [30]. Therefore, to estimate R from RSL data, it is essential first to identify the rain periods (wet periods, i.e., when rain is present on the MWL path) in the RSL data and separate them from the no rain periods (dry periods, i.e., when rain is absent on the MWL path).…”

Section: Wet/dry Classification Of Rsl Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining MWL and MSG SEVIRI Satellite Signals for Rainfall Detection and Estimation

Kumah

Hoedjes

David³

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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Accurate rainfall detection and estimation are essential for many research and operational applications. Traditional rainfall detection and estimation techniques have achieved considerable success but with limitations. Thus, in this study, the relationships between the gauge (point measurement) and the microwave links (MWL) rainfall (line measurement), and the MWL to the satellite observations (area-wide measurement) are investigated for (area-wide) rainfall detection and rain rate retrieval. More precisely, we investigate if the combination of MWL with Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite signals could improve rainfall detection and rainfall rate estimates. The investigated procedure includes an initial evaluation of the MWL rainfall estimates using gauge measurements, followed by a joint analysis of the rainfall estimates with the satellite signals by means of a conceptual model in which clouds with high cloud top optical thickness and large particle sizes have high rainfall probabilities and intensities. The analysis produced empirical thresholds that were used to test the capability of the MSG satellite data to detect rainfall on the MWL. The results from Kenya, during the “long rains” of 2013, 2014, and 2018 show convincing performance and reveal the potential of MWL and MSG data for area-wide rainfall detection.

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“…Nevertheless, the lack of accuracy of this technology when measuring at ground level can be introduced as a limitation, since this region is criti-cal in the case of inversions for extreme air pollution events [45]. Finally, some publications can be outlined [16,17,[46][47][48] where the characterization of the effects of thermal inversion by means of its impact on cellular networks is analyzed. In this regard, it is important to highlight that these types of structures were not properly designed for developing this work of monitoring.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Effects of Thermal Inversions and Electromagnetic Fields on Cell Cultures and Wireless Communications

López-Álvarez,

López-Martín,

Rodríguez-González

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Thermal inversions, typical in the winter season, consist of cold air at the Earth’s surface being trapped under a layer of warmer air. Such an effect keeps normal convective overturning of the atmosphere from penetrating through. This phenomenon highly increases the toxicity of the atmosphere, while modifying its dielectric constant, resulting in major implications in terms of public health and wireless communications. Indeed, air pollution in large cities (related, in most cases, to particulate matter that consists of different chemical components, which can have warming or cooling effects) is primarily caused by chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Appropriate usage of array antennas allows the effective tracking of changes in humidity (e.g., coated Yagi-Uda antennas, which do not interfere with 5G) and in the dielectric constant (e.g., optimized quasi-Yagi-Uda antennas, yielding to accurate measurements of sulfides and black carbon concentration). Remarkably, important health effects come from the combined action of electromagnetic fields with fine and coarse black carbon particles. The appearance of ducts, which are caused by thermal inversions, provokes the creation of super-refractive regions in the troposphere as well, which result in the anomalous propagation of wireless communications.

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Using Cell‐Phone Tower Signals for Detecting the Precursors of Fog

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

A review on factors influencing fog formation, classification, forecasting, detection and impacts

A review on factors influencing fog formation, classification, forecasting, detection and impacts

Combining MWL and MSG SEVIRI Satellite Signals for Rainfall Detection and Estimation

A Review on the Effects of Thermal Inversions and Electromagnetic Fields on Cell Cultures and Wireless Communications

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