Using Chironomus dilutus to identify toxicants and evaluate the ecotoxicity of sediments in the Haihe River Basin

Abstract

To effectively manage a watershed and successfully restore a river system, it is very important to assess the toxicity of sediments and identify the substances causing the toxicity. Seventy-six sediments collected in the Haihe River Basin (HRB) in China were screened for acute toxicity using Chironomus dilutus. We found that sediments from more than 32% of sampling sites, distributed mainly in the Ziya tributary and along the estuary, were acutely toxic to midges. A toxicity identification evaluation showed that the toxicity of the sediment samples was mainly from ammonia nitrogen, metals, and organics. Calculations of the toxic unit (TU) showed that ammonia and metals contributed more to sediment toxicity than organics, and that PAHs may have contributed in other tributaries. A modified three-step sequential extraction procedure to assess the bioavailability of the metals indicated that the toxicity from metals was mainly from Cd and Zn. This is one of the first studies in which this type of approach has been applied to directly connect contaminants with ecological effects in the HRB.

Direct and Indirect Impacts of Disposable Face Masks and Gloves on Freshwater Benthic Fauna and Sediment Biogeochemistry

“…This is consistent with the diverse compounds we extracted from the gloves, including a number of phthalate compounds, the fungicide dithiocarbamic acid, and zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, Zn­(DDC) 2 (Supplemental Information Figure S-2 and Table S-2). Zn­(DDC) 2 has demonstrated toxicological effects in both terrestrial and aquatic systems, , including as a leachate from other materials (i.e., paint) . For example, Ritchie et al identified significant toxicological effects of Zn­(DDC) 2 on another lumbriculid oligochaete, the epigeic earthworm Eisenia andrei .…”