Using chlorophyll a fluorescence to detect the onset of anthracene photoinduced toxicity in Lemna gibba, and the mitigating effects of a commercial humic acid

Gensemer, Robert W.; Dixon, D. George; Greenberg, Bruce M.

doi:10.4319/lo.1999.44.3_part_2.0878

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The results presented were in line with other similar studies, which demonstrated the inhibition of photosynthetic system by DDTs in microalgae (Powers Samson and Popovic 1988). The use of fluorescence parameters to detect PAHs toxicities has also been reported in vascular plant (Gensemer et al 1999).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparative toxicity of hydrophobic contaminants to microalgae and higher plants

Chung

Wong

et al. 2007

Ecotoxicology

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To enable rapid and sensitive screening of phytotoxic compounds in terrestrial system, a 4 day solid-phase microalgal bioassay was developed. Three species of microalgae (Selenastrum capricornutum, Chlorococcum hypnosporum and Chlorococcum meneghini) were chosen to investigate their responses to DDTs (DDT, DDD and DDE) and PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) spiked sands. The bioassay results showed that PAHs and DDTs were toxic to microalgae in a 4-day exposure tests but not to seed germination of ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Phenanthrene was the most phytotoxic. Among three investigated endpoints, fluorescence emissions by microalgae were less sensitive than cell density (optical density OD(650)) and chlorophyll a concentration as endpoints. In general, S. capricornutum was the most sensitive species for PAHs (EC(50) for phenanthrene = 9.4 mg kg(-1)), while C. meneghini for DDTs (EC(50) for DDE = 20.0 mg kg(-1)). Comparison of the microalgal tests with US EPA standard seed germination/root elongation test (using Lolium perenne) demonstrated the superior screening potential of phytotoxic hydrophobic compounds using the proposed bioassay. Using OD(650) as the endpoint, EC(10) of selected microalgae for PAHs and DDTs were 0.43-64.3 mg kg(-1) and 0.67-117 mg kg(-1) respectively, which were much lower than the EC(10) of L. perenne for both PAHs (94-187 mg kg(-1)) and DDTs (113-483 mg kg(-1)). The results encourage further studies involving wider types of vascular plants and more comparison with standard phytotoxicity tests from different authorities using contaminated soils to verify the effectiveness of the microalgal bioassay.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparative toxicity of hydrophobic contaminants to microalgae and higher plants

Chung

Wong

et al. 2007

Ecotoxicology

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“…Laboratory experiments with aquatic organisms ranging from duckweed to Daphnia and fish have demonstrated that humic substances can reduce the toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as anthracene (Oris et al 1990;Gensemer et al 1999). DOC reduces the bioavailability of PCBs during acidification (Knulst 1992), and also reduces the toxicity of aluminum and copper to fish (Driscoll et al 1980;Welsh et al 1993).…”

Section: Increases Attenuation Of Solar Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oris et al 1990;Gensemer et al 1999 • reduces the bioavailability of PCBs Knulst 1992 • alters availability of P, Fe, and C of different molecular weights and thus C cycle, energy supply, productivity, and eutrophication Stewart and Wetzel 1982;Francko 1986;Hessen 1992;Hobbie 1992;De Haan 1993;Herndl et al 1993;Lindell and Rai 1994 4. Interferes with drinking water purification • use of strong oxidants such as chlorine and ozone produce toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs) Edzwald et al 1985;Krasner et al 1989;Reckhow and Singer 1990 • ozonation produces aldehydes such as formaldehyde Nawrocki and Kalkowska 1995;Krasner et al 1989 • reacts with oxidizing disinfectants to reduce their effectiveness Harrington et al 1996 in rivers in late winter and early spring (Hornberger et al 1994).…”

Section: Increases Attenuation Of Solar Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic carbon and nutrients as regulators of lake ecosystems: Resurrection of a more integrated paradigm

Williamson

Morris

Pace

et al. 1999

Limnology & Oceanography

359

298

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The primary interpretive paradigm used to study lakes is their trophic status. Oligotrophic lakes have low nutrient loading and low productivity, while eutrophic lakes have high nutrients and high productivity. The strong empirical relationship between nutrient loading and productivity is a valuable tool for teaching, for research, and for management of lakes. In order to incorporate the variety of other known anthropogenic impacts on lakes, however, lake characterization needs to extend beyond the nutrient-productivity paradigm. For example, acid precipitation, heavy metal and toxic organic contaminants, increases in UV radiation, and global warming are all recognized threats to lake ecosystems. One of the key characteristics of lakes that determines how they respond to disturbances such as these is their concentration of colored dissolved organic carbon (CDOC). Here we argue that a paradigm that includes CDOC (using the absorption coefficient at 320 nm as a proxy) as well as nutrients will be useful in predicting and understanding the response of lake ecosystems to multiple stressors. We propose to resurrect the CDOC axis that was proposed by investigators earlier this century and to extend it by adding some operational definitions to permit placing some of the major lake types on the axes in a way that will help us to better understand the structure, function, and response to disturbance of lake ecosystems that are subject to natural and anthropogenic environmental changes at the local, regional, and global scales. Data from a few diverse lakes and a successional sequence in Glacier Bay, Alaska, are used to illustrate the potential utility of the 2-axis model in separating lake types.The most commonly used paradigm for studying lake ecosystems defines lakes in terms of their trophic status. Lakes with low nutrients and low organic production are considered oligotrophic, while those with high nutrient inputs and organic productivity are eutrophic (Wetzel 1983). This paradigm has been adopted by the general ecological community as well as limnologists and is in general use in introductory ecology and limnology textbooks. The trophic status paradigm is supported by a particularly strong empirical relationship between chlorophyll and phosphorus (Vollenweider 1968;Dillon and Rigler 1974;McCauley et al. 1989), by comparative studies and whole-lake experiments that have clearly demonstrated the role of nutrients and grazers in eutrophication Pace 1984; Carpenter et al. 1991), and by the widespread success of remediation of AcknowledgmentsWe thank Dan Engstrom for stimulating discussions on the role of DOC in the succession of lakes in the Glacier Bay chronosequence, Sheri Fritz, Tom Frost, and Bruce Hargreaves for providing feedback on some of these ideas in their early stages of development, Dave Krabbenhoft for discussions on Hg, and Philip Singer and James Symons for introducing us to the literature on water treatment disinfection by-products and DOC. Sheri Fritz provided the unpublished data on Brush La...

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“…In that work, variable fluorescence was assessed using DCMU addition for maximum fluorescence measurements. Comparing fluorescence to chlorophyll concentration, Gensemer et al (1999) found fluorescence variables to respond earlier to anthracene exposure. To the best of our knowledge, none of the studies published measured fluorescence by means of a fast repetition rate fluorometer (FRRF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Furthermore, fluorescence is proving to be more sensitive than classical endpoints due to its sublethal but ecologically relevant character (i.e. Gensemer et al 1999;Pérez et al 2006;Pérez et al 2009;Pérez et al, in preparation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Use of Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry on Detection and Assessment of PAH Toxicity on Microalgae

Perez

Fernández

Beiras

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Cultures of the flagellate Isochrysis galbana were used to carry out the ecotoxicological evaluation of four PAHs [(naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene (Pyr) and fluoranthene (Flu)] by monitoring growth rate and the fluorescence variables F 0 , F m , F v and F v /F m , determined with a fast repetition rate fluorometer. The results presented in this investigation showed that F v was a suitable endpoint in acute ecotoxicological tests with marine phytoplankton. The derived effective concentrations followed the known narcotic mechanism of toxicity and showed sensitivity levels comparable to marine invertebrate embryo-larval bioassays. Pyr and Flu showed the lowest EC 10 , which ranged between 168-279 and 189-697 nM, respectively.

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Using chlorophyll a fluorescence to detect the onset of anthracene photoinduced toxicity in Lemna gibba, and the mitigating effects of a commercial humic acid

Cited by 21 publications

References 84 publications

Comparative toxicity of hydrophobic contaminants to microalgae and higher plants

Comparative toxicity of hydrophobic contaminants to microalgae and higher plants

Dissolved organic carbon and nutrients as regulators of lake ecosystems: Resurrection of a more integrated paradigm

Use of Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry on Detection and Assessment of PAH Toxicity on Microalgae

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