“…Systems that are completely isolated from the outside world do not actually exist. A very open system means that it exchanges matter, energy, and information with the environment on a large scale and in many different ways [ 23 ]. In contrast, the openness of China's regional economic system is manifested in that it is constrained by the natural environment, such as China's natural resources, ecological environment, and resource abundance.…”
Section: Methods Of Regional Economic Growth Efficiency Measurement M...mentioning
With the development of the economy, especially since the reform and opening up, the actual conditions that China’s economic development faces have also changed, and the development goals have also been adjusted accordingly. However, since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has still largely relied on the extended reproduction of the extension type. It basically develops along a high-input, low-efficiency path. The effectiveness of regional economic development has always been one of the most important debates in economics, and it has attracted great attention in different countries and regions around the world. So far, people have conducted a lot of theoretical and practical research on the effectiveness of regional development and put forward many practical countermeasures. However, it has achieved little in practice, and the original form of high growth and low efficiency has not been effectively reversed. In this paper, economic development is divided into two parts. The first part consists of the impact of changes in the quantity of factors of production on economic growth and the impact of the efficiency of economic growth on the entire economy. The second part consists of the annual average efficiency of economic growth. The average annual contribution of various production factors to economic growth and the economic growth efficiency of changes in the allocation of capital industries were 6.21%, 5.02%, 4.05%, 3.9%, and 3.3%, respectively in the past five years.
“…Systems that are completely isolated from the outside world do not actually exist. A very open system means that it exchanges matter, energy, and information with the environment on a large scale and in many different ways [ 23 ]. In contrast, the openness of China's regional economic system is manifested in that it is constrained by the natural environment, such as China's natural resources, ecological environment, and resource abundance.…”
Section: Methods Of Regional Economic Growth Efficiency Measurement M...mentioning
With the development of the economy, especially since the reform and opening up, the actual conditions that China’s economic development faces have also changed, and the development goals have also been adjusted accordingly. However, since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has still largely relied on the extended reproduction of the extension type. It basically develops along a high-input, low-efficiency path. The effectiveness of regional economic development has always been one of the most important debates in economics, and it has attracted great attention in different countries and regions around the world. So far, people have conducted a lot of theoretical and practical research on the effectiveness of regional development and put forward many practical countermeasures. However, it has achieved little in practice, and the original form of high growth and low efficiency has not been effectively reversed. In this paper, economic development is divided into two parts. The first part consists of the impact of changes in the quantity of factors of production on economic growth and the impact of the efficiency of economic growth on the entire economy. The second part consists of the annual average efficiency of economic growth. The average annual contribution of various production factors to economic growth and the economic growth efficiency of changes in the allocation of capital industries were 6.21%, 5.02%, 4.05%, 3.9%, and 3.3%, respectively in the past five years.
“…Taguchi method and RSM were applied to determine the final design. Although neither Taguchi method nor RSM can guarantee a global optimum, both are practically useful for parameter optimization and have been widely used in various engineering fields [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] . Fig.…”
Section: Design Of Fundus Camera Illumination Opticsmentioning
“…Yeh et al [5] proposed a design using a reflector in the lamp module and showed that the proposed method satisfies the type of light presented in the ECE R 123 regulations. Tsal et al [6] proposed a design using an optimized cylindrical lens array. Through this design, color contrast was increased by suppressing linearity of cutoff lines and roughness of dark areas.…”
Headlamps mounted on vehicles are one of the major components which contribute to the driver's vision and thus, they should be robustly designed to prevent looseness of the supporting bolts from the vibration generated while driving. For that reason, it is important to select proper position of the headlamp supporting positions initially. However, no criteria for positioning the headlamp bolts are specified now and the bolts are placed according to the design of the whole vehicle without any interference with other parts. This may cause excessive vibration on the module and the bolts could be loosened, causing the change of aiming and adjustment. Therefore, as a first step for establishing the headlamp positioning criteria, this study aims to predict the force transmitted to the bolts when excitation forces are given to the headlamp. The following three steps are conducted for this purpose: 1) a typical headlamp module is modeled based on the lumped parameter modeling and the equation of motions are derived, 2) the force transmitted to the bolts in each direction are calculated, 3) the appropriate parameter adjustment is performed comparing transmitted force with one obtained through finite element analysis and experimental results. It is shown that the directional force transmitted to the headlamp bolt could be predicted when the excitation force was applied.
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