Using Diagnostic Text Information to Constrain Situation Models

Dutke, Stephan; Baadte, Christiane; Hähnel, Andrea; Hecker, Ulrich von; Rinck, Mike

doi:10.1080/01638530903416257

Cited by 5 publications

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“…However, although Dutke and von Hecker's (2011) study focused on the structure of social relations described in the text to investigate inferential revision, they did not use moment-bymoment processing measures to study revision during the construction of the situation model. Moreover, in a separate study, Dutke and colleagues found evidence indicating that some of the situation model revision took place after reading the text (Dutke, Baadte, Hähnel, von Hecker, & Rinck, 2010), which leaves open the question of whether the revision process may occur when reading the text (that is online) under certain circumstances.From our point of view, it is important to understand the time course and accuracy with which readers revise inferential information in their situation model, to elucidate reading comprehension problems at a high level of processing. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the inferential revision process in two important ways.…”

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Inferential revision in narrative texts: An ERP study

et al. 2015

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We evaluated the process of inferential revision during text comprehension in adults. Participants with high or low working memory read short texts, in which the introduction supported two plausible concepts (e.g., 'guitar/ violin'), although one was more probable ('guitar'). There were three possible continuations: a neutral sentence, which did not refer back to either concept; a no-revise sentence, which referred to a general property consistent with either concept (e.g., '…beautiful curved body'); and a revise sentence, which referred to a property that was consistent with only the less likely concept (e.g., '…matching bow'). Readers took longer to read the sentence in the revise condition, indicating that they were able to evaluate their comprehension and detect a mismatch. In a final sentence, a target noun referred to the alternative concept supported in the revise condition (e.g., 'violin'). ERPs indicated that both working memory groups were able to evaluate their comprehension of the text (P3a), but only high working memory readers were able to revise their initial incorrect interpretation (P3b) and integrate the new information (N400) when reading the revise sentence. Low working memory readers had difficulties inhibiting the no-longer-relevant interpretation and thus failed to revise their situation model, and they experienced problems integrating semantically related information into an accurate memory representation.Keywords Revising information . Inference making . Working memory . P3a . P3b . N400Successful text comprehenders construct an integrated, coherent, and accurate mental representation of the state of affairs described by the text. The construction of this situation model requires the reader to go beyond a representation of the surface characteristics of the text by generating inferences and incorporating world knowledge from long-term memory (Kintsch & van Dijk, 1978). The construction of the situation model is a dynamic process (e.g., Kintsch, 1998;McNamara & Magliano, 2009;Rapp & van den Broek, 2005); the text is processed incrementally (e.g., word by word and sentence by sentence) and, therefore, the situation model is constantly being updated as the text unfolds. As each new piece of information is processed, it must be integrated with the mental representation constructed so far. This involves monitoring for comprehension to identify when and where additional processing, such as inference generation, is necessary to ensure coherence (Kintsch, 1998;Perfetti, Stafura, & Adlof, 2013).Comprehension monitoring is the metacognitive awareness that readers have about what they are reading (Wagoner, 1983). Baker (1985) distinguished two monitoring phases: evaluation and regulation. Evaluation, more recently defined as validation (Singer, 2013), refers to the process that allows readers to detect an inconsistency or mismatch in the text (e.g., Vauras, Kinnunen, Salonen, & Lehtinen, 2008). Current evidence on this process in adult readers converges on the view that evaluation is a rou...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%