Using Expert Elicitation To Link Foodborne Illnesses in the United States to Foods

Hoffmann, Sandra; Fischbeck, Paul S.; Krupnick, Alan; McWilliams, Michael

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-70.5.1220

Cited by 109 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This isolate was indistinguishable by multiple typing methods from one human isolate and closely related to three additional isolates, strongly suggesting that ground beef is a source of human infection with C. jejuni (8,38), especially in the absence of detection of the same type in chicken or any other source. The data presented in the current study support a growing opinion that cattle contribute significantly in some way to the burden of human disease caused by Campylobacter (26,39).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Comparison of Molecular Typing Methods Useful for Detecting Clusters of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolates through Routine Surveillance

et al. 2012

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g Campylobacter spp. may be responsible for unreported outbreaks of food-borne disease. The detection of these outbreaks is made more difficult by the fact that appropriate methods for detecting clusters of Campylobacter have not been well defined. We have compared the characteristics of five molecular typing methods on Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates obtained from human and nonhuman sources during sentinel site surveillance during a 3-year period. Comparative genomic fingerprinting (CGF) appears to be one of the optimal methods for the detection of clusters of cases, and it could be supplemented by the sequencing of the flaA gene short variable region (flaA SVR sequence typing), with or without subsequent multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Different methods may be optimal for uncovering different aspects of source attribution. Finally, the use of several different molecular typing or analysis methods for comparing individuals within a population reveals much more about that population than a single method. Similarly, comparing several different typing methods reveals a great deal about differences in how the methods group individuals within the population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Comparison of Molecular Typing Methods Useful for Detecting Clusters of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolates through Routine Surveillance

et al. 2012

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“…(Ca survives very poorly on dry products) and several pathogens in eggs (only two Salmonella serovars are able to invade the oviduct of laying hens). Hoffmann et al (2007) recently published an expert survey on attribution in the United States. The study was limited to the food pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attribution of Foodborne Pathogens Using Structured Expert Elicitation

Havelaar

Galindo

Kurowicka

et al. 2008

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

131

111

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Objectives: To estimate the fraction of human cases of enterically transmitted illness by five major pathways (food, environment, direct animal contact, human-human transmission, and travel) and by 11 groups within the food pathway. Methods: Food safety experts were asked to provide their estimates of the most likely range for each of the parameters. Joint probability distributions were created by probabilistic inversion (PI). Results: Sixteen experts participated in the study. PI resulted in good fits for most pathogens. Qualitatively, expert estimates were similar to earlier published studies but the estimated fraction of foodborne transmission was lower for most pathogens. Biologically less plausible pathways were given some weight by the experts. Uncertainties were smallest for pathogens with dominant transmission routes. Conclusions: Structured expert studies are a feasible method for source attribution, but methods need further development. Applications: These estimates can be combined with data on incidence, disease burden and costs to provide specific estimates of the public health impact of foodborne illness, and to identify the food groups that have the highest impact.

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“…The majority of the outbreaks were reported in North America and Europe because of better surveillance and reporting systems. In addition, food-borne outbreaks of giardiasis linked to infected food handlers and food handlers who changed diapers of infected children prior to handling food have been reported (115). Food-borne outbreaks of giardiasis have also been associated with ice, vegetables, and chicken salad (302).…”

Section: Public Health Importance Of Giardiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Potential and Molecular Epidemiology ofGiardiaSpecies and Giardiasis

2011

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SUMMARY Molecular diagnostic tools have been used recently in assessing the taxonomy, zoonotic potential, and transmission of Giardia species and giardiasis in humans and animals. The results of these studies have firmly established giardiasis as a zoonotic disease, although host adaptation at the genotype and subtype levels has reduced the likelihood of zoonotic transmission. These studies have also identified variations in the distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes among geographic areas and between domestic and wild ruminants and differences in clinical manifestations and outbreak potentials of assemblages A and B. Nevertheless, our efforts in characterizing the molecular epidemiology of giardiasis and the roles of various animals in the transmission of human giardiasis are compromised by the lack of case-control and longitudinal cohort studies and the sampling and testing of humans and animals living in the same community, the frequent occurrence of infections with mixed genotypes and subtypes, and the apparent heterozygosity at some genetic loci for some G. duodenalis genotypes. With the increased usage of multilocus genotyping tools, the development of next-generation subtyping tools, the integration of molecular analysis in epidemiological studies, and an improved understanding of the population genetics of G. duodenalis in humans and animals, we should soon have a better appreciation of the molecular epidemiology of giardiasis, the disease burden of zoonotic transmission, the taxonomy status and virulences of various G. duodenalis genotypes, and the ecology of environmental contamination.

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Using Expert Elicitation To Link Foodborne Illnesses in the United States to Foods

Cited by 109 publications

References 21 publications

Comparison of Molecular Typing Methods Useful for Detecting Clusters of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolates through Routine Surveillance

Comparison of Molecular Typing Methods Useful for Detecting Clusters of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolates through Routine Surveillance

Attribution of Foodborne Pathogens Using Structured Expert Elicitation

Zoonotic Potential and Molecular Epidemiology ofGiardiaSpecies and Giardiasis

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