Using KOCOA Military Terrain Analysis for the Assessment of Twentieth Century Battlefield Landscapes

Spennemann, Dirk H. R.

doi:10.3390/heritage3030042

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The authors also performed a simplified military site analysis. With this tool, hidden under the acronym KOCOA (meaning Key Terrain Observation and Fields of Fire, Cover, and Concealment, Obstacles, Avenues of Approach), it is possible to read the broad background of design and construction decisions [19]. The results of this analysis are included in the illustrations of the existing condition, provided further in the text.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Dams of the Krakow Fortress: Potential of a Vanishing Heritage

Korbel

Suchoń

Łapuszek

2021

Land

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Cultural heritage conservation is a constant process of preserving the valuable historical legacy and transferring it to future generations. The ability to adapt the matter under conservation to changing needs and environmental conditions is an essential element of this process. In this context, climate change and its consequences are a growing challenge, requiring innovative and often simultaneous efforts. This study was conducted in response to the discovery of previously unknown documents on nineteenth-century impoundment structures of the Krakow Fortress’s defensive system. At present, the facilities are almost entirely ruined, yet the need to restore and preserve the memory of their culturally valuable legacy merits investigation. The conditions and requirements of the management of Krakow’s changing hydrological environment became a vital component of this study. The uncovered archival documents were subjected to historical-interpretative analysis. Virtual modeling contributed to identifying the original scope of the dams’ impact. Analysis of the city’s spatial planning documents pointed to their contemporary potential. The entirety of the material collected aided in determining the framework in which protective measures targeting this dying heritage are currently possible. This study features a proposal for a new form of recreating the structures under investigation by assigning them a range of possible simultaneous uses. Thus, the presented research proposal is a form of concern for preserving this historical legacy and an attempt at rising to contemporary challenges posed by an intensively changing environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Dams of the Krakow Fortress: Potential of a Vanishing Heritage

Korbel

Suchoń

Łapuszek

2021

Land

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“…The celebration of battlefield and conflict congresses in countries like Scotland, Sweden, the United States or England, since the year 2000, has allowed this speciality to advance even further, with the use of new analytical techniques and geographic information systems (GIS) in data collection. Studies such as those conducted by Spennemann demonstrate the possibilities resulting from the use of new technologies applied to the study of old battle fields, in this case the Second World War [72]. At the same time, it has grown chronologically to encompass any other history period, including prehistory, to study the development of battles [70,73].…”

Section: War In the Middle Ages: Informal Education And Historical Reenactmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Education and Heritage of Medieval Warfare. A Study on the Transmission of Knowledge by Informal Educators in Defensive Spaces

Español-Solana

Calvo

2021

Education Sciences

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Historical reenactment is becoming a top-tier teaching tool in the countries of Southern Europe. In Spain specifically, this discipline is experiencing a boom as a heritage education method, particularly in informal settings. This article is the outcome of a qualitative research study of the results obtained from one hundred and fifteen educators from historical reenactment groups. The study analyses the methods used by the exponents of this discipline to teach war in the Middle Ages, specifically in three Spanish castles dating from the 11th to the 12th centuries. It has made it possible to analyse how the educational discourses are organised in relation to Medieval war within military spaces from this period, and how historical reenactment is a coadjutant in the construction of teaching/learning spaces from a heritage education perspective.

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“…The conventional analysis of kinetic terrains tends to rely on the stages summarized by the KOCOA mnemonic acronym: Key Terrain/Decisive Terrain; Observation and Fields of Fire; Concealment and Cover; Obstacles; and Avenues of Approach/Withdrawal [60]; which shall converge towards describing a mission-centric network map [61]. In analogy with the observation, concealment, recognition of obstacles and avenues of approach/withdrawal (e.g., firewalls and port blocks); the existing advanced on cybersecurity have the potential of providing insight about the field (network and linked CIS asset), avenues of approach (by identifying nodes and links, which connect endpoints to specific sites), their vulnerabilities and dependent risks sores, and the capability of cyber commands on enforcing effective countermeasures.…”

Section: Kct Scoring and Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Assessment of Mission-Centric Key Cyber Terrains for joint Military Operations

Martínez¹,

Vidal²,

González³

2021

Preprint

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Since the cyberspace consolidated as fifth warfare dimension, the different actors of the defense sector began an arms race toward achieving cyber superiority, on which research, academic and industrial stakeholders contribute from a dual vision, mostly linked to a large and heterogeneous heritage of developments and adoption of civilian cybersecurity capabilities. In this context, augmenting the conscious of the context and warfare environment, risks and impacts of cyber threats on kinetic actuations became a critical rule-changer that military decision-makers are considering. A major challenge on acquiring mission-centric Cyber Situational Awareness (CSA) is the dynamic inference and assessment of the vertical propagations from situations that occurred at the mission supportive Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), up to their relevance at military tactical, operational and strategical views. In order to contribute on acquiring CSA, this paper addresses a major gap in the cyber defence state-of-the-art: the dynamic identification of Key Cyber Terrains (KCT) on a mission-centric context. Accordingly, the proposed KCT identification approach explores the dependency degrees among tasks and assets defined by commanders as part of the assessment criteria. These are correlated with the discoveries on the operational network and the asset vulnerabilities identified thorough the supported mission development. The proposal is presented as a reference model that reveals key aspects for mission-centric KCT analysis and supports its enforcement and further enforcement by including an illustrative application case.

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Using KOCOA Military Terrain Analysis for the Assessment of Twentieth Century Battlefield Landscapes

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Water Dams of the Krakow Fortress: Potential of a Vanishing Heritage

Water Dams of the Krakow Fortress: Potential of a Vanishing Heritage

Education and Heritage of Medieval Warfare. A Study on the Transmission of Knowledge by Informal Educators in Defensive Spaces

Understanding and Assessment of Mission-Centric Key Cyber Terrains for joint Military Operations

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