Using Natural Waste Material as a Matrix for the Immobilization of Enzymes: Chicken Eggshell Membrane Powder for β-Galactosidase Immobilization

Abstract

Avian eggshell membranes are good candidates as a matrix for immobilization procedures. Chicken eggshell, a waste material available from the poultry industry as a byproduct, is a very safe and cheap raw material. While pieces of eggshell membrane, or even particles from whole eggshell, have been previously used for these purposes, we report here the use of eggshell membrane powder for E. coli β-galactosidase immobilization with glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. A kinetic characterization is provided for eggshell membrane powder-bound enzyme compared to free enzyme. Results show a remarkable similarity between bound and free enzyme and also that the immobilized enzyme is stable and can be reused several times. Moreover, bound enzyme is able to produce glucose from skim milk serum.

Avian Eggshell Membrane as a Novel Biomaterial: A Review

“…Maintaining properties of β-galactosidase and allowing the reutilization of the immobilized enzyme to hydrolyze lactose in the presence of skim milk serum [ 120 ]…”

Whey valorization using transgalactosylation activity of immobilized β‐galactosidase

“…However, with arousing awareness on lactose abundance in dairy effluents, cheaper and more versatile substrates, such as whey (Fischer & Kleinschmidt, 2015;Geiger et al, 2016;Sen et al, 2016) and whey permeate (Eskandarloo & Abbaspourrad, 2018;Mano et al, 2018), or even milk (Cao et al, 2017;Zhu et al, 2018), have been taken into account. Also, despite the fact that the various methods for the immobilization of b-galactosidases were proposed so far (Giacomini et al, 1998;Albayrak & Yang, 2002;Torres et al, 2003;Gaur et al, 2006;Grosov a et al, 2008;Neri et al, 2009;Guidini et al, 2010;Klein et al, 2012;Urrutia et al, 2013;Carevi c et al, 2016b;de Albuquerque et al, 2018;Levin et al, 2018;Guerrero et al, 2019;Kessi & Arias, 2019), the examples of immobilized enzyme preparations utilized in these reactions are rather scarce (Jovanovic-Malinovska et al, 2012;de Albuquerque et al, 2018;Eskandarloo & Abbaspourrad, 2018).…”

Recent Trends in Enzyme Immobilization—Concepts for Expanding the Biocatalysis Toolbox

“…Chicken eggshell is an abundant, safe, cheap waste material available from the poultry industry and has been used to immobilize β-galactosidase using crosslinking with glutaraldehyde [ 31 ]. The immobilized enzyme and free enzyme showed remarkable kinetic similarity, and the immobilized enzyme is stable and can be reused several times, making it a good catalyst to produce glucose from skim milk serum.…”