Using pastoralist community knowledge to locate and treat dry-season mosquito breeding habitats with pyriproxyfen to control Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus s.l. in rural Tanzania

Lupenza, Eliza T.; Kihonda, Japhet; Limwagu, Alex J.; Ngowo, Halfan S.; Sumaye, Robert D.; Lwetoijera, Dickson W.

doi:10.1007/s00436-020-07040-4

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Our study, conducted in the dry season, found that most aquatic habitats for An. funestus were permanent, corroborating earlier research by Mwangangi [34], Nambunga [15], and others [14,40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Geospatial modelling of dry season habitats of the malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, in south-eastern Tanzania

Kahamba,

Okumu,

Jumanne

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction: Anopheles funestus is a major malaria vector in east and southern Africa, and currently dominates transmission in many parts of Tanzania. Previous research has identified its preference for specific aquatic habitats, especially those that persist in dry months. This suggests the potential for targeted control through precise habitat mapping and characterization. In this study, we investigated the influence of habitat characteristics, land cover, and human population densities on An. funestus distribution during dry seasons, and subsequently developed a habitat suitability model for this vector species in southeastern Tanzania. Method:Eighteen villages in south-eastern Tanzania were surveyed during the dry season from September-December 2021. Water bodies were systematically inspected for mosquito larvae and characterized by their physio-chemical characteristics and surrounding environmental features. A generalized linear model was used to assess the presence of An. funestus larvae as a function of the physico-chemical characteristics, land use and human population densities. The results from this model were used to generate spatially explicit predictions of habitat suitability in the study districts. Results: Of 1,466 aquatic habitats surveyed, 440 were positive for An. funestus. River streams had the highest positivity (74%; n=322) followed by ground pools (15%; n=67). The final model had an 83% accuracy in predicting positive An. funestus habitats, with the most important characteristics being permanent waters, clear waters with or without vegetation or movement, and shading over the habitats. In addition, there was a positive association with forested areas and a negative association with built-up areas. Human population densities had no influence on An. funestus distribution. Conclusion: This study underscores the crucial role of both the specific habitat characteristics and key environmental factors, notably land-cover, in the distribution of An. funestus. In this study area, the species predominantly inhabits river streams and ground pools; and prefers clear, perennial waters with and shading. The strong positive association with more pristine environments with tree covers and the negative association with built-up areas underscore the importance of ecological transitions in vector distribution and malaria transmission risk. Such spatially explicit predictions could enable more precise interventions, particularly larval source management, to accelerate malaria control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Geospatial modelling of dry season habitats of the malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, in south-eastern Tanzania

Kahamba,

Okumu,

Jumanne

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The occurrence of An. funestus larvae in habitats with algae suggests a potential symbiotic relationship between the larvae and algal blooms, possibly driven by the nutrients provided by the algae [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geospatial modelling of dry season habitats of the malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, in south-eastern Tanzania

Kahamba,

Okumu,

Jumanne

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Background Anopheles funestus is a major malaria vector in Eastern and Southern Africa and is currently the dominant malaria-transmitting vector in many parts of Tanzania. Previous research has identified its preference for specific aquatic habitats, especially those that persist in dry months. This observation suggests the potential for targeted control through precise habitat mapping and characterization. In this study, we investigated the influence of habitat characteristics, land cover and human population densities on An. funestus distribution during dry seasons. Based on the results, we developed a habitat suitability model for this vector species in south-eastern Tanzania. Methods Eighteen villages in south-eastern Tanzania were surveyed during the dry season from September-December 2021. Water bodies were systematically inspected for mosquito larvae and characterized by their physico-chemical characteristics and surrounding environmental features. A generalized linear model was used to assess the presence of An. funestus larvae as a function of the physico-chemical characteristics, land use and human population densities. The results obtained from this model were used to generate spatially explicit predictions of habitat suitability in the study districts. Results Of the 1466 aquatic habitats surveyed, 440 were positive for An. funestus, with river streams having the highest positivity (74%; n = 322) followed by ground pools (15%; n = 67). The final model had an 83% accuracy in predicting positive An. funestus habitats, with the most important characteristics being permanent waters, clear waters with or without vegetation or movement and shading over the habitats. There was also a positive association of An. funestus presence with forested areas and a negative association with built-up areas. Human population densities had no influence on An. funestus distribution. Conclusions The results of this study underscore the crucial role of both the specific habitat characteristics and key environmental factors, notably land cover, in the distribution of An. funestus. In this study area, An. funestus predominantly inhabits river streams and ground pools, with a preference for clear, perennial waters with shading. The strong positive association with more pristine environments with tree covers and the negative association with built-up areas underscore the importance of ecological transitions in vector distribution and malaria transmission risk. Such spatially explicit predictions could enable more precise interventions, particularly larval source management, to accelerate malaria control. Graphical Abstract

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“…gambiae s.l. larvae [14,[56][57][58]. The use of pyriproxyfen has been expanded to adult female Anopheles gambiae s.l.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the susceptibility and efficacy of three public health, insecticides, chlorfenapyr, clothianidin, and pyriproxyfen, on wild pyrethroid-resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. from southern Benin

Zoungbédji¹,

Padonou²,

Konkon³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of wild Anopheles gambiaes.l. from southern Benin to the new insecticides (chlorfenapyr (CFP), pyriproxyfen (PPF), and clothianidin (CTD)) and assess the efficacy of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) that contain these new products. Methods: Wild Anopheles gambiae s.l. from the Benin communes of Allada, Ifangni, Akpro-Missérété, and Porto-Novo were tested for their susceptibility to CFP and PPF using the WHO bottle tests, and pyrethroids (alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin) and CTD using WHO tube tests. WHO cone tests were used to evaluate the efficacy of Interceptor® (which contains alpha-cypermethrin (ACM) only), Interceptor® G2, (CFP + ACM), and Royal Guard® nets (PPF + ACM). The ovaries of blood-fed Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Ifangni exposed to a new PPF net were dissected, and egg development status was examined using Christopher’s stages to determine the fertility status of the mosquitoes. Using a standardized protocol, the oviposition rate and oviposition inhibition rate were calculated from live blood-fed Anopheles gambiae s.l. placed in oviposition chambers after exposure to PPF. Results. In all four mosquito populations, pyrethroid mortality ranged from 5% to 80%, while chlorfenapyr and clothianidin mortality ranged from 98% to 100%. At Ifangni, all mosquitoes exposed to Royal Guard® nets were infertile (100%) while the majority (74.9%) of mosquitoes exposed to Interceptor® nets had fully developed their eggs to Christopher’s stage V. The oviposition inhibition rate after exposure of the mosquitoes to the PPF was 99% for the wild population of Anopheles gambiaes.l. and the susceptible laboratory strain, Anopheles gambiae Kisumu. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiaes.l. from the selected communes in southern Benin are susceptible to chlorfenapyr, clothianidin, and pyriproxyfen. In addition, based on bioassay results, Interceptor® G2 and Royal Guard® nets are probably effective in Ifangni. Despite the availability of new effective insecticides, continued vigilance is needed in Benin. Therefore, monitoring of resistance to these insecticides will continue to periodically update the Benin national insecticide resistance database and management plan.

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Using pastoralist community knowledge to locate and treat dry-season mosquito breeding habitats with pyriproxyfen to control Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus s.l. in rural Tanzania

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Geospatial modelling of dry season habitats of the malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, in south-eastern Tanzania

Geospatial modelling of dry season habitats of the malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, in south-eastern Tanzania

Geospatial modelling of dry season habitats of the malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, in south-eastern Tanzania

Assessing the susceptibility and efficacy of three public health, insecticides, chlorfenapyr, clothianidin, and pyriproxyfen, on wild pyrethroid-resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. from southern Benin

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