Using smoke solutions in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to improve germination and seedling growth and reduce toxic compound ODAP

Abstract

The effects of smoke solutions derived from wheat straw on the germination, seedling growth characteristics, and biochemical content of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) were examined in this study. The smoke solutions were applied to petri and pot media at different concentrations. Both experiments were conducted in a randomized plot design with 3 replications. In the pot experiments, the smoke solutions were applied through the initial irrigation at 5 different concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%) while 6 concentrations were used for petri experiments (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 10%) and results were compared to a control (distilled water). The smoke solutions increased root and shoot growth but decreased the germination rate and speed of grass pea in both media. In general, there were positive outcomes for the investigated traits with moderate concentrations of solution, but negative outcomes with low and high concentrations. The smoke solution treatments improved the shoot dry weighs, K, and protein contents, but decreased the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents and the toxic component oxalyldiaminopropionic acid (ODAP). Accordingly, the smoke solutions stimulated the development of grass pea and promising outcomes were achieved in terms of high protein and low ODAP contents, which are the main targets of grass pea breeding studies. It was concluded, based on the present findings, that smoke solutions derived from wheat straw could be used as an environmentally friendly practice in grass pea culture to increase yield and quality. However, it should be kept in mind that concentration was a critical issue for ensuring the expected outcomes.

Can plant derived smoke solutions support the plant growth and forage quality in the hydroponic system?

“…But, ADF and NDF in both crops decreased with the increasing doses of oat derived solution. Basaran et al (2019) determined that the smoke solution treatments, especially low doses, improved the DW, K, and protein contents of grass pea, but decreased the ADF and NDF.…”

“…A total of 2 kg of oat and grass pea straw were separately burned and the smoke was kept through 4 L of distilled water. The burning process was closely carried out by using a special system (furnace, vacuum machine and large jar) (Ghebrehiwot et al 2009;Basaran et al 2019). Then, the solution filtered from double filter paper (0.18 mm) for removing coarse particles to obtain stock solutions.…”

“…There are various priming applications (osmo and hydro priming, different temperatures, hormones and organic chemicals such as seaweed, plants extracts, plant-derived essential oils and acids) which affect seed germination and plant growth positively (Yari et al 2010). One of these priming applications is smoke solutions using as germination and seedling growth promoter (Basaran et al 2019;Elsadek and Yousef 2019). The smoke solution is obtained by burning of plant materials and it is applied to the seed or soil.…”

“…The smoke solution is obtained by burning of plant materials and it is applied to the seed or soil. In this system, plant materials are burned and smoke is collected in water with the help of special mechanisms that work based on hookah principles (Basaran et al 2019).…”

“…Plant derived smoke solutions have significant effects on the germination and seedling growth of many species from different families and this effect may vary depending on the burnt plant material (Jefferson et al 2008;Lindon and Menges 2008;Dixon et al 2009). In addition, it has been shown by some researchers that smoke solutions derived from wheat straw improved germination, seedling growth, forage quality (ADF, NDF, protein, minerals), yield of common vetch and grass pea (Dogrusoz et al 2019;Basaran et al 2019).…”