Using <sup>137</sup>Cs to investigate net soil erosion at two soil benchmark sites in Quebec

Cao, Y. Z.; Coote, D. R.; Wang, C.; Nolin, Michel C.

doi:10.4141/cjss93-052

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Our reference value is consistent with other reference inventories obtained from forested sites in Québec (Cao et al, 1993). Also a set of reference inventories, reported for different locations in North America (Mabit et al, 2002b) were decayed to 2003 (reference year for our study) and plotted against the mean annual precipitation of the areas they originated from.…”

Section: Univariate Statistics and Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

Spatial variability of erosion and soil organic matter content estimated from 137Cs measurements and geostatistics

et al. 2008

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Section: Univariate Statistics and Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

Spatial variability of erosion and soil organic matter content estimated from 137Cs measurements and geostatistics

et al. 2008

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“…This process is referred to as "tillage erosion". Kachanoski et al (1992) and Cao et al (1993) among others have identified significant levels of downslope movement of soils associated with tillage.…”

Section: Soil Physical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of coarse fragment content on soil physical properties, soil erosion and potato production

Chow¹,

Rees²,

Monteith³

et al. 2007

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. Effects of coarse fragment content on soil physical properties, soil erosion and potato production. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87: 565-577. Most potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in northeastern America is on till soils with an abundance of stones. Stone picking has removed many coarse fragments to a point that it might be detrimental to soil quality. This study was to assess the impacts of coarse fragment content (10-19 mm in diameter) on selected soil physical properties, field soil thermal and water regimes, runoff and soil loss and potato yield and tuber quality on a sandy loam soil in New Brunswick. The objectives were to evaluate both beneficial and adverse effects of coarse fragment content (0, 10, 20 and 30% by volume) on soil quality in relation to potato production over a 4-yr period. Soil bulk density increased significantly by incorporating 10 to 30% coarse fragments into the plow layer. Porosity and available soil water-holding capacity were reduced in response to this increase in bulk density. In spite of the reduction in total porosity, pore size greater than 148 µm diameter of the 30% coarse fragment treatment was significantly greater than the 0, 10 and 20% treatments during 2001, 1 yr after the treatments were applied. This increase in macropores may have been responsible for the significantly higher saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil treated with 30% coarse fragments. The results from 2002 and 2003 show that these beneficial effects on soil physical properties were short lived in this study; however, this may not be the case under field conditions because experimental plot problems of relocation of coarse fragments beyond plot boundaries and/or dilution with incorporation of stone-free subsoil material is not an issue in the field. Volumetric water content at field capacity of -33.3 kPa matric potential declined from 20.9% for the control to 7.7% for the 30% coarse fragment treatment. Cumulative soil heat greater than 10°C of the 30% treatment showed significant increases of 11.2, 8.8, and 3.7% during the growing season of 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively, as compared with the control. Although field soil water tension regimes revealed that soil water in different treatments was held at a somewhat similar energy status, field soil water content was reduced considerably with increasing amount of coarse fragments. No significant differences in runoff and soil loss were found between treatments, but average reductions in soil loss over the 3-yr period were 9, 36, and 47% lower than the control for the 10, 20, and 30% treatments, respectively. Although no significant difference in yield and tuber quality between treatments was found in 2001-2003, both total and marketable yield decreased with increasing time. The yield reduction over time may be directly attributed to the mono-culture of potatoes practiced during the course of this experiment.Key words: Soil temperature, soil moisture, conductivity, bulk density, tillage erosion, potato cropping Chow, T. L., Rees, H. W., Monteith, J. O...

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“…Samples used by de Jong et al (1986) were located within 20 km of the research site. Soil loss was calculated as per Kachanoski et al (1992) and Cao et al (1993) and soil gain was calculated as per de Jong et al (1983). Procedures used in 137 Cs analysis and soil loss-gain are described in Cao et al (1994).…”

Section: Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal trends in soil properties and crop yield at a site under intensive up- and down-slope potato production in northwestern New Brunswick

Rees¹,

Chow²,

Gregorich³

2007

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Rees, H. W., Chow, T. L. and Gregorich, E. G. 2007. Spatial and temporal trends in soil properties and crop yield at a site under intensive up-and down-slope potato production in northwestern New Brunswick. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87: [383][384][385][386][387][388][389][390][391][392][393][394][395][396][397][398]. Few quantitative data are available to assess temporal changes in the soil quality of Canada's agricultural lands. Site 20-NB was established in 1989 to monitor changes in an Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol developed on coarse loamy till on a rolling landscape under intensive potato production in Atlantic Canada with soil compaction and water erosion the dominant forms of degradation. Sampling of soil and crop parameters was conducted on a 20 × 25 and 25 × 25 m grid basis with 66-90 sample locations. Baseline soil samples were collected in 1989 and the site was re-sampled in 1999. Samples were analysed for pH, available P, K, Ca and Mg, and total soil organic carbon (SOC). Field saturated hydraulic conductivity (K fs ) at 12-22, 27-37 and 50-60 cm, earthworm counts and crop yield measurements were conducted annually. 137 Cs data were collected to estimate long-term soil erosion. Annual runoff (May 01 to Nov. 30) and soil loss were measured. Seasonal soil loss between 1989 and 1999 was only 6522 kg ha -1 yr -1 compared with 137 Cs-estimated soil displacement of 53 000 kg ha -1 yr -1 , occurring over the 1960 to 1990 period. In the Ap horizon, soil pH and P increased by 8 and 5%, respectively, while SOC was reduced by 8%. Some changes were identified in the subsoil (50-65 cm) with a 7% increase in pH and a 27% reduction in P. There was little annual variation in the K fs of the Ap, B and C horizons which ranged from 0.4 to 1.3, from 0.7 to 1.3 and from 0.8 to 2.0 cm h -1 . Solum K fs was significantly less than in an adjacent forested area by 52-80%. Earthworm numbers increased at a rate of 1.5 earthworms m -2 yr -1 . Crop yield did not show any temporal trend over the 10-yr period other than that it appeared to be significantly influenced by crop rotation. Potato yield (CV = 12) tended to be less variable than barley (CV = 22) or clover (CV = 21). The benefits of site specific management were found to be questionable. 137 Cs-estimated soil loss was most strongly related to SOC (r = -0.66) and average potato yield (r = -0.55).Key words: Soil quality, soil carbon, hydraulic conductivity, earthworms, water erosion Rees, H. W., Chow, T. L. et Gregorich, E. G. 2007. Variation spatiale et temporelle des propriétés du sol à un site de culture intensive de la pomme de terre en pente dans le nord-ouest du Nouveau-Brunswick. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87: 383-398. Peu de données quantitatives permettent d'établir comment la qualité des sols agricoles varie dans le temps au Canada. Le site 20-NB a été aménagé en 1989 pour suivre l'évolution d'un podzol orthique humo-ferrique qui s'est développé sur un till loameux grossier dans un paysage vallonné où l'on cultive la pomme de terre de manière intensive. Les principales formes de dét...

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Using ¹³⁷Cs to investigate net soil erosion at two soil benchmark sites in Quebec

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Spatial variability of erosion and soil organic matter content estimated from 137Cs measurements and geostatistics

Spatial variability of erosion and soil organic matter content estimated from 137Cs measurements and geostatistics

Effects of coarse fragment content on soil physical properties, soil erosion and potato production

Spatial and temporal trends in soil properties and crop yield at a site under intensive up- and down-slope potato production in northwestern New Brunswick

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Using 137Cs to investigate net soil erosion at two soil benchmark sites in Quebec

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Spatial variability of erosion and soil organic matter content estimated from 137Cs measurements and geostatistics

Spatial variability of erosion and soil organic matter content estimated from 137Cs measurements and geostatistics

Effects of coarse fragment content on soil physical properties, soil erosion and potato production

Spatial and temporal trends in soil properties and crop yield at a site under intensive up- and down-slope potato production in northwestern New Brunswick

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Using ¹³⁷Cs to investigate net soil erosion at two soil benchmark sites in Quebec