Using the abstraction hierarchy to identify how the purpose and structure of road transport systems contributes to road trauma

Salmon, Paul M.; Read, Gemma J. M.; Stevens, Nicholas; Walker, Guy H.; Beanland, Vanessa; McClure, Roderick John; Hughes, Brett; Johnston, Ian; Stanton, Neville A.

doi:10.1016/j.trip.2019.100067

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…WDA has been applied in many areas for purposes ranging from the design of work processes (Lintern & Naikar, 2000), displays and devices (Ahlstrom, 2005) to the design and analysis of regulatory frameworks (Carden et al, 2019), road environments (Read et al, 2017), and sports organizations (Hulme et al, 2019). Increasingly, the approach is being applied as part of systems HFE efforts to develop models of large‐scale societal systems such as road transport systems (Salmon, Read, et al, 2019), cities (Stevens & Salmon, 2015) and even the world (Salmon, Stanton, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An initial draft of a return from lockdown restrictions abstraction hierarchy model was developed by the first author who has extensive experience in applying WDA in a range of domains (e.g., Jenkins et al, 2008; Salmon, Read, et al 2019; Salmon, Stanton, et al, 2019; Stanton et al, 2017). Development of the draft abstraction hierarchy involved systematically building each abstraction hierarchy level using Naikar's (2013) prompts to identify relevant nodes (see Table 1, e.g., prompts for each level of the abstraction hierarchy).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Factors and Ergonomics and the management of existential threats: A work domain analysis of a COVID‐19 return from lockdown restrictions system

Salmon

Stevens

McLean

et al. 2021

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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Following strict “lockdown” restrictions designed to control the spread of the COVID‐19 virus, many jurisdictions are now engaged in a process of easing restrictions in an attempt to stimulate economic and social activity while continuing to suppress virus transmission. This is challenging and complex, and in several regions, new outbreaks have emerged. We argue that systems Human Factors and Ergonomics methods can assist in understanding and optimizing the return from lockdown. To demonstrate, we used work domain analysis to develop an abstraction hierarchy model of a generic “return from lockdown restrictions” system. The model was assessed to identify (a) issues preventing a successful return from lockdown; and (b) leverage points that could be exploited to optimize future processes. The findings show that the aim of continuing to suppress virus transmission conflicts with the aims of returning to pre‐virus economic and social activity levels. As a result, many functions act against each other, ensuring that the system cannot optimally achieve all three of its primary aims. Potential leverage points include modifying the goals and rules of the system and enhancing communications and feedback. Specifically, it is argued that moderating economic aims and modifying how social and community activities are undertaken will result in longer term suppression of the virus.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Factors and Ergonomics and the management of existential threats: A work domain analysis of a COVID‐19 return from lockdown restrictions system

Salmon

Stevens

McLean

et al. 2021

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

Self Cite

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“…The nature of each level of the AH was adjusted to match the focus of this study: future work in automated vehicles. Based on applications in various domains (Burns et al, 2004;Salmon et al, 2019), five prompt questions were formulated for each level in the context of auto-mobile office:…”

Section: Abstraction Hierarchy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the results in the AD and the knowledge of the authors, the nodes and links in the AH were constructed (Lucero, 2015;Salmon et al, 2019;Salmon, Regan, Lenné, Stanton, & Young, 2007). The nature of each level of the AH was adjusted to match the focus of this study: future work in automated vehicles.…”

Section: Abstraction Hierarchy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining A Design Space of The Auto-Mobile Office: A Computational Abstraction Hierarchy Analysis

Katrahmani

Kamaraj

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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One advantage of highly automated vehicles is drivers can use commute time for non-driving tasks, such as work-related tasks. The potential for an auto-mobile office—a space where drivers work in automated vehicles—is a complex yet underexplored idea. This paper begins to define a design space of the auto- mobile office in SAE Level 3 automated vehicles by integrating the affinity diagram (AD) with a computational representation of the abstraction hierarchy (AH). The AD uses a bottom-up approach where researchers starting with individual findings aggregate and abstract those into higher-level concepts. The AH uses a top-down approach where researchers start with first principles to identify means-ends links between system goals and concrete forms of the system. Using the programming language R, the means-ends links of AH can be explored statistically. This computational approach to the AH provides a systematic means to define the design space of the auto-mobile office.

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“…CWA has been utilized to analyse complex sociotechnical systems across a range of domains such as nuclear power generation (Itoh et al, 1995;Olsson & Lee, 1994), military command and control (Baber et al, 2009;Jenkins, 2012;McIlroy & Stanton, 2011;Naikar et al, 2006;Stanton & McIlroy, 2012;Stanton et al, 2009), air traffic control and flight operations (Ahlstrom, 2005;Schmid et al, 2020;Stanton et al, 2016), disaster management (Jenkins et al, 2010(Jenkins et al, , 2011, health care (Effken et al, 2011(Effken et al, , 2008Guarrera et al, 2012;Lopez et al, 2010;Xiao & Sanderson, 2014), road transport (Allison & Stanton, 2018;Bodin & Krupenia, 2015Cattermole-Terzic & Horberry, 2020;Read, Salmon, Goode, et al, 2020;Read, Salmon, & Thompson, 2020;Salmon et al, 2019Salmon et al, , 2007Stanton & Allison, 2020), rail transport (Jansson et al, 2005;Read, Salmon, Lenné, et al, 2015;Stanton, McIlroy, et al, 2013), and sports (Berber, McLean, et al, 2020;Hulme et al, 2019;Mclean et al, , 2017.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sharing lessons learnt: Reflections on a novel approach to developing the contextual activity template

Berber

Read

Simcock

2021

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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Introduction: There have been few published applications of the second phase of Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA), Control Task Analysis, particularly the Contextual Activity Template (CAT). The current study aimed to share lessons learnt from utilizing an online survey as a novel approach to development of a CAT. The application domain was sport, specifically football goalkeeping. A secondary aim was to apply the CAT to the goalkeeping role and gain the perceptions of both goalkeeping coaches and players on the functions and situations specific to a goalkeeper during match-play. Methods: Ten SMEs with high-level expertize in goalkeeping coaching and/or playing participated in an online survey including a series of demographic, Likert scale and open-ended questions regarding goalkeeper specific functions and matchplay situations. Eight goalkeeper match-play situations and 18 specific functions were included.Results: A CAT model was created demonstrating the match-play situations where specific goalkeeper functions occur. Three function groupings were identified: broad (six or more functions), moderate (between three and five functions), and specific (below three functions).Discussion: Utilizing online surveys to develop a CAT model is a novel approach within the Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) literature. Further, the CAT represents a first of its kind analysis in the football performance literature. Strengths and limitations of using online surveys for the development of a CAT are discussed.In conclusion, the work suggests flexible approaches can be used to develop HFE models.

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Using the abstraction hierarchy to identify how the purpose and structure of road transport systems contributes to road trauma

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Human Factors and Ergonomics and the management of existential threats: A work domain analysis of a COVID‐19 return from lockdown restrictions system

Human Factors and Ergonomics and the management of existential threats: A work domain analysis of a COVID‐19 return from lockdown restrictions system

Defining A Design Space of The Auto-Mobile Office: A Computational Abstraction Hierarchy Analysis

Sharing lessons learnt: Reflections on a novel approach to developing the contextual activity template

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