Using the Electroretinogram to Assess Function in the Rodent Retina and the Protective Effects of Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning

Brandli, Alice; Stone, Jonathan

doi:10.3791/52658

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…RIC was performed as 4 cycles of 5-min left hind limb ischemia 30 interleaved with 5-min reperfusion, using an inflatable 12-mm cuff (IVM, USA), which was inflated to 200 mmHg and subsequently deflated. The efficiency of blood cessation with hind limb cuff inflation in rats had previously been confirmed 31 . Of note, because of its mechanical nature, the allocation of rat to treatment group could not be concealed from the investigator performing the RIC treatment (M.B.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Neuroprotection by remote ischemic conditioning in the setting of acute ischemic stroke: a preclinical two-centre study

Basalay

Wiart

Chauveau

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Reperfusion is the only existing strategy for patients with acute ischemic stroke, however it causes further brain damage itself. A feasible therapy targeting reperfusion injury is remote ischemic conditioning (RIC). This was a two-centre, randomized, blinded international study, using translational imaging endpoints, aimed to examine the neuroprotective effects of RIC in ischemic stroke model. 80 male rats underwent 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion. RIC consisted of 4 × 5 min cycles of left hind limb ischemia. The primary endpoint was infarct size measured on T2-weighted MRI at 24 h, expressed as percentage of the area-at-risk. Secondary endpoints were: hemispheric space-modifying edema, infarct growth between per-occlusion and 24 h MRI, neurofunctional outcome measured by neuroscores. 47 rats were included in the analysis after applying pre-defined inclusion criteria. RIC significantly reduced infarct size (median, interquartile range: 19% [8%; 32%] vs control: 40% [17%; 59%], p = 0.028). This effect was still significant after adjustment for apparent diffusion coefficient lesion size in multivariate analysis. RIC also improved neuroscores (6 [3; 8] vs control: 9 [7; 11], p = 0.032). Other secondary endpoints were not statistically different between groups. We conclude that RIC in the setting of acute ischemic stroke in rats is safe, reduces infarct size and improves functional recovery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Neuroprotection by remote ischemic conditioning in the setting of acute ischemic stroke: a preclinical two-centre study

Basalay

Wiart

Chauveau

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…To assess the animals' adaptation to light, a series of flashes were presented every 2 mins in the presence of a constant background. The stimulus-and time-dependent increase in b-wave amplitude (more detectable than the a-wave in rodents in photopic conditions 31 ) observed in naïve mice was considered as an index of retinal response following light adaptation ERG analysis. GFP injection did not affect the pattern of increase, but it induced only a slight decrease in the amplitude of the response.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-synuclein overexpression in the retina leads to vision impairment and degeneration of dopaminergic amacrine cells

Marrocco

Indrieri

Esposito

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the presence of α-synuclein aggregates in the retina of parkinson's disease patients has been associated with vision impairment. In this study we sought to determine the effects of α-synuclein overexpression on the survival and function of dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs) in the retina. Adult mice were intravitreally injected with an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector to overexpress human wild-type α-synuclein in the inner retina. Before and after systemic injections of levodopa (L-DOPA), retinal responses and visual acuity-driven behavior were measured by electroretinography (ERG) and a water maze task, respectively. Amacrine cells and ganglion cells were counted at different time points after the injection. α-synuclein overexpression led to an early loss of DACs associated with a decrease of light-adapted ERG responses and visual acuity that could be rescued by systemic injections of L-DOPA. The data show that α-synuclein overexpression affects dopamine neurons in the retina. The approach provides a novel accessible method to model the underlying mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies and for testing novel treatments.

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“…ERG is generally employed to access the functional aspect of retina. Decreased a and b wave is a measure of retinal injury [Brandli and Jonathan, ]. When lead exposed mice were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury by ligation of ECA and PPA arteries it showed reduced damage to retina evidenced by ERG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Pb Exposure and its Effect on Later Life Retinal Degeneration

Modgil

Cameotra

Sharma

et al. 2017

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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The study presents the longitudinal effect of early life lead exposure on retinal ischemia. Swiss albino mice were exposed to lead acetate at two different timepoints viz. postnatal day 1-20 and at 7th week of age. These mice were then followed till 10 week of age and subjected to retinal ischemia. Retinal ischemia was induced using pterygopalatine artery ligation. The effect of prior lead exposure on ischemic insult was determined using various histological and molecular parameters. Although toxic effects of Pb are well reported, but the results in this study showed not much significant effect of early life Pb exposure on later life retinal degeneration. While retinal thickness was decreased in surgery group and 7th week Pb exposed group, PND Pb exposed mice showed retinal thickness comparable to normal control. There was no difference in TUNEL positive cells in Pb exposed group when compared to surgery group. The molecular studies revealed overexpression of BDNF and GFAP in PND Pb exposed mice reflecting more injury and inflammation. The combined results revealed that Pb exposure have mild effect on overall susceptibility to retinal damage in later life. The Pb may exert its toxic effects at longer duration and thus the toxic effects may be mapped at longer timepoints. The study provides a new dimension to the already well known toxic effects of lead which needs to be further explored. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3213-3224, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Using the Electroretinogram to Assess Function in the Rodent Retina and the Protective Effects of Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Neuroprotection by remote ischemic conditioning in the setting of acute ischemic stroke: a preclinical two-centre study

Neuroprotection by remote ischemic conditioning in the setting of acute ischemic stroke: a preclinical two-centre study

α-synuclein overexpression in the retina leads to vision impairment and degeneration of dopaminergic amacrine cells

Early Life Pb Exposure and its Effect on Later Life Retinal Degeneration

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