Using the Schmidt hammer on folds: An example from the Cantabrian Zone (NW Iberian Peninsula)

Poblet, Josep; Bulnes, Mayte; Uzkeda, Hodei; Magán, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2022.104512

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The Schmidt hammer is a non-destructive and portable method of examination [1], [51], [54] that consumes a certain amount of stored energy from a spring and shows the degree of rebound of the hammer in the process. The hammer, developed by Ernst Schmidt to measure the compressive strength of concrete, was later used on rocks [55]- [57].…”

Section: Schmidt Hammer Rebound (Shr) Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Cultural Heritage by Non-Destructive Methods: The Case of Sivas Congress Museum

Pehlivan

2023

Architecture and Urban Planning

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Analysis of cultural heritage by non-destructive testing methods allows conducting an examination of the building while preserving its authenticity and integrity, as well as its historical and artistic values. As the material of this study, the Sivas Congress Museum, which witnessed a very important event in the history of the country, was discussed. The aim of the study is to determine the stone type, deterioration, hardness, and strength of the building and thus generate an idea about the quality of architectural practices in the 19th century. In addition, it aims to create a scientific basis for conservation measures and restoration works to be carried out in the following years and to determine whether there is any difference between the stone material used in the main building and the stone of the building annexed later on. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the poor economic conditions of the country have affected the quality of the building material, the stones – soft and low-strength limestone – have been exposed to atmospheric pollution and deteriorated. In addition, although one of the stones that had undergone black crusting was cleaned, it was found that mechanical cleaning was insufficient to eliminate the pollution.

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Section: Schmidt Hammer Rebound (Shr) Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hammer, developed by Ernst Schmidt to measure the compressive strength of concrete, was later used on rocks [55]- [57]. Schmidt hammer rebound (SHR) tests allow the determination of the estimation of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) values and hardness and strength classes of the stones [54], [58]- [62].…”

Section: Schmidt Hammer Rebound (Shr) Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cultural Heritage by Non-Destructive Methods: The Case of Sivas Congress Museum

Pehlivan

2023

Architecture and Urban Planning

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“…Obtaining core samples from a heritage building and conducting UCS experiments can unfortunately damage cultural heritage, although the right results can be obtained [63][64][65]. Instead, one of the non-destructive testing methods of cultural heritage, the Schmidt hammer rebound (SHR) test method, can be used [66][67][68][69]. This method saves both time and cost.…”

Section: Schmidt Hammer Rebound (Shr) Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Schmidt hammer was originally developed to determine the strength of concrete [70] and was later used to obtain hardness and strength classes of rocks [69,[71][72][73][74][75]. The hammer works simply given the principle of piston recoil of a compressed spring.…”

Section: Schmidt Hammer Rebound (Shr) Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition and characterization analysis of a twentieth century cultural heritage through non-destructive testing (NDT) methods: the case of the Sivas industry school ironworking atelier in Turkey

Pehlivan

2023

Herit Sci

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Before the conservation and restoration of many types of cultural heritage, it is necessary to perform careful examination. This study aimed to determine the original building state and deterioration by applying non-destructive testing (NDT) methods in the case of a heritage building. Another goal was to determine, via NDT methods, whether the limestones observed in this study of different forms, colours, and textures were truly different. The Sivas Industry School Ironworking Atelier, which constitutes the research object, is one of the important public buildings in the city of Sivas, Turkey. Within the scope of the study, non-destructive infrared thermography (IRT), Schmidt hammer rebound (SHR) tests, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy were applied. Accordingly, through IRT, deteriorations, anomalies, and material differences were investigated, and via SHR testing, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) estimates, strength levels and hardness classes of stones were obtained. Moreover, via XRF spectroscopy, characterization analysis of stones was conducted. The data obtained could provide information to establish a basis for subsequent conservation. The innovation of this study is that although the infrared thermography technique is typically used in the investigation of materials, it was revealed that another technique such as XRF analysis is needed to better determine whether stones that seem different based on IRT are actually different. With IRT technique, anomaly and material detorioration can be determined. In addition to these two techniques, SHR tests that are non-destructive methods are needed to think about mechanical features of the material. Therefore, when determining the conditions and for characterization analysis of a cultural heritage before restoration, different techniques should be jointly used to complement each other.

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Controls of lithology and degree of fracturing on the in-situ estimation of rock mass hardness using the Equotip hardness tester

Mammoliti,

Ciattoni,

Francioni

et al. 2024

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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Using the Schmidt hammer on folds: An example from the Cantabrian Zone (NW Iberian Peninsula)

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Analysis of Cultural Heritage by Non-Destructive Methods: The Case of Sivas Congress Museum

Analysis of Cultural Heritage by Non-Destructive Methods: The Case of Sivas Congress Museum

Condition and characterization analysis of a twentieth century cultural heritage through non-destructive testing (NDT) methods: the case of the Sivas industry school ironworking atelier in Turkey

Controls of lithology and degree of fracturing on the in-situ estimation of rock mass hardness using the Equotip hardness tester

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