Using transrectal ultrasound to examine the effect of exogenous progesterone on early embryonic loss in sheep

Rickard, J.P.; Ryan, Gabrielle; Hall, Evelyn; Graaf, S.P. de; Hermes, Robert

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183659

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The preimplantation stage of pregnancy is the most critical period in determining the litter size because of the high embryo mortality during this period. It has been shown that most embryonic deaths occur before day 18 of pregnancy in sheep [17][18][19]. Flushing (elevated levels of feed) is known to improve blastocyst yield and embryo survival [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Profiling of Corpus luteum Reveals Important Insights about Early Pregnancy in Domestic Sheep

Pokharel

Peippo

Weldenegodguad

et al. 2020

Genes

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The majority of pregnancy loss in ruminants occurs during the preimplantation stage, which is thus the most critical period determining reproductive success. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome study by sequencing total mRNA from corpus luteum (CL) collected during the preimplantation stage of pregnancy in Finnsheep, Texel and F1 crosses. A total of 21,287 genes were expressed in our data. Highly expressed autosomal genes in the CL were associated with biological processes such as progesterone formation (STAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B1) and embryo implantation (e.g., TIMP1, TIMP2 and TCTP). Among the list of differentially expressed genes, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins (SIGLEC3, SIGLEC14, SIGLEC8), ribosomal proteins (RPL17, RPL34, RPS3A, MRPS33) and chemokines (CCL5, CCL24, CXCL13, CXCL9) were upregulated in Finnsheep, while four multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) were upregulated in Texel ewes. A total of 17 known genes and two uncharacterized non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were differentially expressed in breed-wise comparisons owing to the flushing diet effect. The significantly upregulated TXNL1 gene indicated potential for embryonic diapause in Finnsheep and F1. Moreover, we report, for the first time in any species, several genes that are active in the CL during early pregnancy (including TXNL1, SIGLEC14, SIGLEC8, MRP4, and CA5A).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Profiling of Corpus luteum Reveals Important Insights about Early Pregnancy in Domestic Sheep

Pokharel

Peippo

Weldenegodguad

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…To determine the pregnancy rate, goats were examined by transrectal ultrasonography (7.5 MHz, Aloka SSD 500, Tokyo, Japan) 45 days after AI. Goats were confirmed pregnant by the presence of at least one fetus and extraembryonic membranes (Rickard et al 2017).…”

Section: The Time Of Artificial Insemination With Cooled Semen Does N...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Time of Artificial Insemination with Cooled Semen does not Affect the Pregnancy Rate in Anestrous Goats

Alvarado-Espino

Arellano-Rodríguez

et al. 2022

IJAR

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Background: The time of artificial insemination (AI) concerning ovulation is one of the main factors that affect the pregnancy rate. This study aimed to compare the time of AI with cooled semen in anestrous goats treated with progesterone (P4) plus hCG-based protocol and the effect of management condition on pregnancy rate. Methods: Forty-nine crossbred (local x dairy goats) and thirty-nine Alpine anestrous multiparous goats managed under extensive and intensive production systems respectively, were used (June, 25°N). Goats were treated with 20 mg of P4 followed by 100 IU of hCG 24 h later. On the day of hCG administration (Day 0), goats in each management system were allocated randomly to each of the two treatment groups. Goats in the first group received a fixed-time AI (FTAI) at 48 and 60 h after hCG whereas goats of the second group received a FTAI at 60 and 72 h with cooled semen. Goats were examined by transrectal ultrasonography (7.5 MHz) 45 days after AI to determine the pregnancy rate. Result: There was no significant difference in pregnant goats inseminated at 48 and 60 h (46.8%, 22/47) or 60 and 72 h (46.3%, 19/41) after hCG administration (P greater than 0.05). There was a tendency for a higher pregnancy rate in intensive compared to extensive management conditions (P=0.09) and no interaction was detected between the time of insemination and the management condition system (P greater than 0.05).

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“…Transvaginal and transrectal B-mode ultrasound was used to pregnancy diagnosis [13,14] using Mindray ® Z5 Vet (Shenzhen, China) equipped with sectorial and transrectal 5-7.5 MHz probes. For pregnancy diagnosis, additional color Doppler ultrasound was used for the assessment of corpus luteum function [15].…”

Section: Assessment Of Pregnancy Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy rates in hair sheep after Ovsynch synchronization and a combined intracervical fixed-time artificial insemination and 10-day mating period

et al. 2019

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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the pregnancy rates in hair ewes using an Ovsynch synchronization protocol under a breeding system that combines fixed-time insemination plus a 10-day mating period as an alternative. Materials and Methods: Through an experimental study (n=27), ewes were randomly located into one of three treatments: (1) Pre-synch (n=9): Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)+Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)+PGF2α+GnRH; (2) Ovsynch (n=9): GnRH+PGF2α+GnRH; and (3) control: Ewes bred by natural mating (NM) (n=9). Ewes were fixed-time inseminated (fixed-time artificial insemination [FTAI]) with fresh semen, collected just before the insemination time through vaginoscopy at 16 h after the second GnRH (gonadorelin) injection. Each experimental group was placed separately during 15 days and, after this time, fertile rams were allowed back with ewes for a 10-day mating period. Control group ewes remained with the rest of the herd suitable for breeding and were bred under NM. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasound at 28-, 56-, and 84-day post-breeding to differentiate between FTAI and NM pregnancies. Total (FTAI±NM) pregnancy rates at 56-day post-breeding were used to compared Pre-synch, Ovsynch, and control. For this purpose, two-tailed proportions comparison z-test was used with a 95% confidence level, for testing as the null hypothesis whether two proportions were equal. Results: Pregnancy rates were higher in control ewes (66.4%) than FTAI (46.6%). When pregnancy rates after a 10-day mating period (40%) were added, the final rate (86.6%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Ovsynch-based protocols. The pregnancy rate was significantly lower in FTAI ewes compared to FTAI +10-day mating group (p<0.05). The overall pregnancy rate was 88.0, 85.7, and 67.0 (p>0.05) for Pre-synch, Ovsynch, and control ewes, respectively. Conclusion: These results provide evidence on the benefits of combined FTAI protocols for improving the reproductive efficiency of sheep.

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Using transrectal ultrasound to examine the effect of exogenous progesterone on early embryonic loss in sheep

Cited by 13 publications

References 53 publications

Gene Expression Profiling of Corpus luteum Reveals Important Insights about Early Pregnancy in Domestic Sheep

Gene Expression Profiling of Corpus luteum Reveals Important Insights about Early Pregnancy in Domestic Sheep

The Time of Artificial Insemination with Cooled Semen does not Affect the Pregnancy Rate in Anestrous Goats

Pregnancy rates in hair sheep after Ovsynch synchronization and a combined intracervical fixed-time artificial insemination and 10-day mating period

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