Utilization of oil palm kernel shell as lightweight aggregate in concrete – A review

Alengaram, U. Johnson; Muhit, Baig Abdullah Al; Jumaat, Mohd Zamin

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.08.026

Cited by 239 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The published research on Oil Palm Shell Concrete (OPSC) has shown that it could be produced within the density range of 1690-2020 kg/m 3 and with a compressive strength of up to 45 MPa (6,9). Moreover, the long-term strength of the OPSC was investigated by Mannan and Ganapathy (10) who reported that there was no deterioration in the compressive strength up to 365 days.…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High strength oil palm shell concrete beams reinforced with steel fibres

Yap

Alengaram

et al. 2017

Mater. construcc.

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ABSTRACT:The utilization of lightweight oil palm shell to produce high strength lightweight sustainable material has led many researchers towards its commercialization as structural concrete. However, the low tensile strength of Oil Palm Shell Concrete (OPSC) has hindered its development. This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties and flexural behaviours of OPSC by the addition of steel fibres of up to 3% by volume, to produce oil palm shell fibre-reinforced concrete (OPSFRC). The experimental results showed that the steel fibres significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of OPSFRC. The highest compressive strength, splitting tensile and flexural strengths of 55, 11.0 and 18.5 MPa, respectively, were achieved in the OPSFRC mix reinforced with 3% steel fibres. In addition, the flexural beam testing on OPSFRC beams with 3% steel fibres showed that the steel fibre reinforcement up to 3% produced notable increments in the moment capacity and crack resistance of OPSFRC beams, but accompanied by reduction in the ductility. RESUMEN: Vigas de hormigón de alta resistencia con palma de aceite reforzados con fibras de acero. La utilización de cáscara ligera de palma de aceite para producir materiales duraderos y de alta resistencia ha llevado a muchos investigadores a su comercialización como hormigón estructural. Sin embargo, la baja resistencia a la tracción del hormigón de cáscara de palma de aceite (OPSC) ha obstaculizado su desarrollo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo mejorar las propiedades mecánicas y los comportamientos de flexión de OPSC mediante la adición de fibras de acero de hasta un 3% en volumen, para producir hormigón armado de fibra de palma de aceite (OPSFRC). Los resultados experimentales mostraron que las fibras de acero mejoraron significativamente las propiedades mecánicas de OPSFRC. En la mezcla OPSFRC reforzada con fibras de acero al 3% se obtuvieron las mayores resistencias a la compresión, resistencia a la tracción ya la flexión de 55, 11,0 y 18,5 MPa, respectivamente. Además, el ensayo de vigas flexibles en haces OPSFRC con fibras de acero al 3% mostró que el refuerzo de fibra de acero hasta 3% produjo incrementos notables en la capacidad momentánea y resistencia a la fisuración de los haces OPSFRC, pero acompañado de una reducción de la ductilidad.PALABRAS CLAVE: Árido; Hormigón; Refuerzo de fibras; Resistencia a la flexión; Propiedades mecánicas ORCID ID: S. Poh-Yap

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Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mostly used ductility ratio is the deformation-based approach which is reflected by the deformation margin between the service and ultimate stages, as shown in Eq. [1] (9,10,26).…”

Section: Flexural Behaviours Of Reinforced Concrete Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High strength oil palm shell concrete beams reinforced with steel fibres

Yap

Alengaram

et al. 2017

Mater. construcc.

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“…The high demand for concrete in construction using normal weight aggregates, such as gravel and granite, has reduced natural stone deposits and caused damage to the environment [Alengaram et al 2013]. During the past years researches has been focused on investigation on the use of palm kernel shells as lightweight aggregates, to replace conventional normal weight aggregates in structural elements and road construction [Mannan et.al 2006].…”

Section: Major Application Of Pksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Transportation of Some Agriculture Products Liable to Self-heating

Popek

2017

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“…Due to the fact that a uniform magnetic field is employed for an indoor NMR instrument, the corresponding gradient of G is considered to be zero, and 1/T D is negligible. The above formula may therefore be simplified as follows [4]:…”

Section: Distribution Of the Nmr T 2 Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional concrete, being itself heavy, results in very heavy concrete structures, which leads to significant disadvantages, and limits the development of potential civil engineering projects. A lightweight high-strength concrete material is therefore greatly required (3)(4)(5)(6). Lightweight natural pumice aggregate concrete has emerged in response to these engineering needs (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of freeze-thaw damage in natural pumice concrete

et al. 2016

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This paper presents an analysis of the damage propagation features of the pore structure of natural pumice lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC) under freeze-thaw cyclic action. After freeze-thaw cycling, we conducted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests on the concrete and acquired the porosity, distribution of transverse relaxation time T 2 , and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. The results showed the following. The T 2 distribution of the LWC prior to freeze-thaw cycling presented four peaks representative of a preponderance of small pores. After 50, 100, 150, and 200 freeze-thaw cycles, the total area of the T 2 spectrum and the porosity increased significantly. The MRI presented the changing spatial distribution of pores within the LWC during freeze-thaw cycling. Ultrasonic testing technology was applied simultaneously to analyze the NMR results, which verified that the new NMR technology demonstrated high accuracy and practicability for research regarding freeze-thaw concrete damage. RESUMEN:Análisis por resonancia magnética nuclear del deterioro en hormigón con piedra pómez tras ciclos hielo-deshielo.En este trabajo se analiza la propagación de los daños que se producen en la estructura porosa de hormigón aligerado a base de piedra pómez natural sometido a la acción cíclica de hielo-deshielo. Después de realizarse los ensayos de hielo-deshielo, el hormigón se analizó mediante resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN), determinándose la porosidad y la distribución del tiempo de relajación transversal, T 2 , y registrándose las imá-genes captadas por resonancia magnética. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, antes de los ciclos de hielodeshielo la distribución de T 2 del hormigón aligerado presentaba cuatro picos, indicativos de un predominio de poros pequeños. Después de que se sometiera a 50, 100, 150, y 200 ciclos, se observó un aumento importante tanto de la porosidad como de la superficie total del espectro de T 2 . Las imágenes captadas por resonancia magnética evidenciaron la modificación de la distribución espacial de los poros del hormigón aligerado durante el ensayo. Por otra parte, mediante la comprobación por técnicas de prospección ultrasónica se confirmó que la nueva tecnología RMN es de alta precisión y gran practicidad en la investigación de los daños producidos en el hormigón por los ciclos de hielo-deshielo.

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Utilization of oil palm kernel shell as lightweight aggregate in concrete – A review

Cited by 239 publications

References 40 publications

High strength oil palm shell concrete beams reinforced with steel fibres

High strength oil palm shell concrete beams reinforced with steel fibres

Sea Transportation of Some Agriculture Products Liable to Self-heating

Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of freeze-thaw damage in natural pumice concrete

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