Utilization of waste cockle shell (Anadara granosa) in biodiesel production from palm olein: Optimization using response surface methodology

Boey, Peng‐Lim; Maniam, Gaanty Pragas; Hamid, Shafida Abd; Ali, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.002

Cited by 159 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The diffraction peaks at 2 around 23.7°, 26.3°, 27.3°, 30°, 36.2°, 41.3°, 43°, 46°, 48.5° and 50.3° are indicative of this. CaO also appeared at 33.2°, 38°, 38.1° and 52.5° [34][35][36]. It is expected that the CaCO 3 was decomposed in situ during the burning of the biobriquettes to produce CaO.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Ca/s Ratio On The So 2 Profile Witmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sulfur Removal in Bio-Briquette Combustion Using Seashell Waste Adsorbent at Low Temperature

Mahidin

Gani

Muslim

et al. 2016

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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Abstract. Presently, biomass is mostly utilized as co-fuel in coal combustion in view of energy diversification and emission reduction. However, since the coal content of bio-briquettes is high (up to 80% in this study), gas emissions such as those of SO x still occur. Therefore, the introduction of SO 2 adsorbent is common in coal briquette or bio-briquette combustion. A calcium-based material is usually used for this goal. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of desulfurization temperature and Ca/S ratio (Ca = calcium content in adsorbent; S = sulfur content in coal and biomass) on desulfurization efficiency and kinetics. The ratio of coal to biomass (palm kernel shell/PKS) was fixed at 90:10 (wt/wt) and the ratios of Ca to S were varied at 1:1, 1.25:1, 1.5:1, 1.75:1 and 2:1. The mixtures of coal, PKS and adsorbent were briquetted at a molding pressure of 6 ton/cm 2 with Jatropha curcas seeds and starch mixture as binding agents. Desulfurization was performed within a temperature range of 300 to 500°C for 720 seconds at an airflow rate of 1.2 L/min. The results showed that the highest desulfurization efficiency (90.6%) was associated with the Ca/S ratio of 2:1 and temperature of 400°C. Moreover, the highest reaction rate constant of desulfurization was 0.280 min -1 .

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Section: Effect Of Temperature and Ca/s Ratio On The So 2 Profile Witmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sulfur Removal in Bio-Briquette Combustion Using Seashell Waste Adsorbent at Low Temperature

Mahidin

Gani

Muslim

et al. 2016

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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“…Subsequent reuses and reactivation cycles gave similar results, pointing out a partial deactivation of the catalyst, which in any case could provide a 50% conversion to FAME after four reuses/reactivation cycles. Boey et al [65] reported the use of waste cokle shells as a source of calcium oxide for transesterification. Reusability results confirmed that the prepared catalyst could be reused up to three times under the optimized conditions (4.9 wt% catalyst and 0.54:1 methanol/oil mass ratio) with a yield above 97%.…”

Section: Calcium and Magnesium Single Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Oueda¹,

Bonzi-Coulibaly²,

Ouédraogo³

2017

MSA

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The activity of a catalyst in transestrification reaction usually declines with repeated uses and this limits the possibility to use it many times. This paper presents a review of various techniques used to evaluate the activity changes, the recycling processes for calcium and magnesium oxides based heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. The activity of calcium and magnesium oxides based catalysts declines due to leaching, surface or active sites poisoning by reactant or product molecules and modification of physical aspects. Physico-chemical methods (AAS, BET, CO 2 -TPD, EDS, FTIR, ICP-AES, SEM, TG/DTA and XRD) were used to check the catalyst modification and to confirm the deactivation. When separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, the catalyst could be reused without any treatment or recycled by washing, drying or/and recalcination. Between various recycling processes for calcium and magnesium oxides based catalysts, mixed oxides showed less leaching and performed FAME or FAEE yield >90% with reusability.

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“…CaO from mud clam shells n-hexane, 900˚C 96.7 to 74.5 [28] CaZnO n-hexane, MeOH, 800˚C (3 h) 80 to <80 [29] CaO from biomass Acetone, EtOH, 600˚C -800˚C (4 h) 75 to 50 [30] CaO from waste cockle shells MeOH, n-hexane, 900˚C (2 h) >97 [31] Modified red mud n-hexane, 700˚C (2 h) 99.6 to 96.8 This study Figure 6. Structure of hexane.…”

Section: The Role Of Hexane (Washing Agent) and Calcination For Catalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Deactivation and Regeneration of Modified Red Mud Catalyst Used in Biodiesel Production

Wahyudi¹,

Kurniawan²,

Hinode³

2017

GSC

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Deactivation of solid catalyst often occurs in biodiesel production. In this work, deactivated modified red mud catalysts used in biodiesel production were regenerated with hexane and calcination treatments. The deactivated and regenerated catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TG, N 2 adsorption, measured for their basic strength, and tested in the transesterification of canola oil. The results revealed that the main cause of the catalyst deactivation is due to obstruction of the active sites by contaminants. The regeneration by washing with hexane followed by calcination can effectively improve the properties of the deactivated catalyst and increase its catalytic activity.

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Utilization of waste cockle shell (Anadara granosa) in biodiesel production from palm olein: Optimization using response surface methodology

Cited by 159 publications

References 15 publications

Sulfur Removal in Bio-Briquette Combustion Using Seashell Waste Adsorbent at Low Temperature

Sulfur Removal in Bio-Briquette Combustion Using Seashell Waste Adsorbent at Low Temperature

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Study on Deactivation and Regeneration of Modified Red Mud Catalyst Used in Biodiesel Production

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