Utilizing thiourea-modified biochars to mitigate toxic metal pollution and promote mustard (Brassica campestris) plant growth in contaminated soils

Saleem, Irfan; Ahmed, Samreen Riaz; Lahori, Altaf Hussain; Mierzwa-Hersztek, Monika; Bano, Shella; Afzal, Ambreen; Muhammad, Maria Taj; Afzal, Madiha; Vambol, Viola; Vambol, Sergij; Zhang, Zengqiang

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2023.107331

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…3 , 4 and 5 ). STU enhances cell membrane stability by suppressing MDA and a direct ROS scavenger that neutralizes endogenous H 2 O 2 [ 78 , 79 ]. The redox state of membrane proteins is maintained via thiourea by quenching the oxygen radicles generated under cobalt stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous application of sulfur-rich thiourea (STU) to alleviate the adverse effects of cobalt stress in wheat

Zahid,

ul din,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Heavy metal stress affects crop growth and yields as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and development are negatively affected under heavy metal stress. The study examined the effect of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) stress on wheat growth and development. To alleviate this problem, a pot experiment was done to analyze the role of sulfur-rich thiourea (STU) in accelerating the defense system of wheat plants against cobalt toxicity. The experimental treatments were, i) Heavy metal stress (a) control and (b) Cobalt stress (300 µM), ii) STU foliar applications; (a) control and (b) 500 µM single dose was applied after seven days of stress, and iii) Wheat varieties (a) FSD-2008 and (b) Zincol-2016. The results revealed that cobalt stress decreased chlorophyll a by 10%, chlorophyll b by 16%, and carotenoids by 5% while foliar application of STU increased these photosynthetic pigments by 16%, 15%, and 15% respectively under stress conditions as in contrast to control. In addition, cobalt stress enhances hydrogen peroxide production by 11% and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 10%. In comparison, STU applications at 500 µM reduced the production of these reactive oxygen species by 5% and by 20% by up-regulating the activities of antioxidants. Results have revealed that the activities of SOD improved by 29%, POD by 25%, and CAT by 28% under Cobalt stress. Furthermore, the foliar application of STU significantly increased the accumulation of osmoprotectants as TSS was increased by 23% and proline was increased by 24% under cobalt stress. Among wheat varieties, FSD-2008 showed better adaptation under Cobalt stress by showing enhanced photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activities compared to Zincol-2016. In conclusion, the foliar-applied STU can alleviate the negative impacts of Cobalt stress by improving plant physiological attributes and upregulating the antioxidant defense system in wheat. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous application of sulfur-rich thiourea (STU) to alleviate the adverse effects of cobalt stress in wheat

Zahid,

ul din,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Further, the higher number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight leads to a high grain yield 102 , 103 . Thiourea increased grain weight due to efficient photosynthates translocation as well as balancing the source-to-sink relationship 43 , 81 . This also relates to the finding of Kumar et al 103 that in wheat, foliar application of thiourea (500 ppm) modifies the biochemical composition, productive tillers, and leaf biomass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several intricate mechanisms are necessary for abiotic stress tolerance, and thiourea may control several of them 42 . Thiourea significantly increases the nutritional and quality status of wheat grains by increasing the percentage of oil, soluble sugars, free amino acids, and protein content 43 . Applying thiourea as a foliar spray improved plant phenology, photosynthetic pigments, and yield characteristics, significantly mitigating drought stress's negative effects 44 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating drought-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through foliar application of sulfhydryl thiourea

Ishfaq,

Waraich,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Drought stress is a major abiotic stress affecting the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The current study evaluated the effects of drought on wheat phenology, physiology, and biochemistry; and assessed the effectiveness of foliar-applied sulfhydryl thiourea to mitigate drought-induced oxidative stress. The treatments were: wheat varieties; V1 = Punjab-2011, V2 = Galaxy-2013, V3 = Ujala-2016, and V4 = Anaaj-2017, drought stress; D1 = control (80% field capacity [FC]) and D2 = drought stress (40% FC), at the reproductive stage, and sulfhydryl thiourea (S) applications; S0 = control-no thiourea and S1 = foliar thiourea application @ 500 mg L−1. Results of this study indicated that growth parameters, including height, dry weight, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) were decreased under drought stress-40% FC, as compared to control-80% FC. Drought stress reduced the photosynthetic efficiency, water potential, transpiration rates, stomatal conductances, and relative water contents by 18, 17, 26, 29, and 55% in wheat varieties as compared to control. In addition, foliar chlorophyll a, and b contents were also lowered under drought stress in all wheat varieties due to an increase in malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. Interestingly, thiourea applications restored wheat growth and yield attributes by improving the production and activities of proline, antioxidants, and osmolytes under normal and drought stress as compared to control. Thiourea applications improved the osmolyte defense in wheat varieties as peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, proline, glycine betaine, and total phenolic were increased by 13, 20, 12, 17, 23, and 52%; while reducing the electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content by 49 and 32% as compared to control. Among the wheat varieties, Anaaj-2017 showed better resilience towards drought stress and also gave better response towards thiourea application based on morpho-physiological, biochemical, and yield attributes as compared to Punjab-2011, Galaxy-2013, and Ujala-2016. Eta-square values showed that thiourea applications, drought stress, and wheat varieties were key contributors to most of the parameters measured. In conclusion, the sulfhydryl thiourea applications improved the morpho-physiology, biochemical, and yield attributes of wheat varieties, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of drought. Moving forward, detailed studies pertaining to the molecular and genetic mechanisms under sulfhydryl thiourea-induced drought stress tolerance are warranted.

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Potential of iron oxide-modified biochar in simultaneous mitigation of lead and nickel toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Shah,

Irshad,

Javed

et al. 2024

South African Journal of Botany

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Utilizing thiourea-modified biochars to mitigate toxic metal pollution and promote mustard (Brassica campestris) plant growth in contaminated soils

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Exogenous application of sulfur-rich thiourea (STU) to alleviate the adverse effects of cobalt stress in wheat

Exogenous application of sulfur-rich thiourea (STU) to alleviate the adverse effects of cobalt stress in wheat

Mitigating drought-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through foliar application of sulfhydryl thiourea

Potential of iron oxide-modified biochar in simultaneous mitigation of lead and nickel toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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