Utilizing Wastewater-Based Epidemiology To Determine Temporal Trends in Illicit Stimulant Use in Seattle, Washington

Rushing, Rosie; Burgard, Daniel A.

doi:10.1021/bk-2019-1319.ch008

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In all these studies, participants used MDMA that they had purchased illegally, rather than receiving MDMA from a licensed laboratory. MDMA can often be adulterated with other substances, such as synthetic cathinones and fentanyl, 118 which are both harmful. [119][120][121] Therefore, in uncontrolled recreational use, it is unclear whether the neurotoxic effects of MDMA can be reliably attributed to the compound itself.…”

Section: Areas Of Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—3,4-Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)

Shinozuka,

Tabaac,

Arenas

et al. 2024

American Journal of Therapeutics

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Background: After becoming notorious for its use as a party drug in the 1980s, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methampetamine (MDMA), also known by its street names “molly” and “ecstasy,” has emerged as a powerful treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Areas of Uncertainty: There are extensive data about the risk profile of MDMA. However, the literature is significantly biased. Animal models demonstrating neurotoxic or adverse effects used doses well beyond the range that would be expected in humans (up to 40 mg/kg in rats compared with roughly 1–2 mg/kg in humans). Furthermore, human samples often comprise recreational users who took other substances in addition to MDMA, in uncontrolled settings. Therapeutic Advances: Phase III clinical trials led by the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) have shown that MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has an effect size of d = 0.7–0.91, up to 2–3 times higher than the effect sizes of existing antidepressant treatments. 67%–71% of patients who undergo MDMA-assisted psychotherapy no longer meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD within 18 weeks. We also describe other promising applications of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treating alcohol use disorder, social anxiety, and other psychiatric conditions. Limitations: Thus far, almost all clinical trials on MDMA have been sponsored by a single organization, MAPS. More work is needed to determine whether MDMA-assisted therapy is more effective than existing nonpharmacological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Conclusions: Phase III trials suggest that MDMA is superior to antidepressant medications for treating PTSD. Now that MAPS has officially requested the Food and Drug Administration to approve MDMA as a treatment for PTSD, legal MDMA-assisted therapy may become available as soon as 2024.

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Section: Areas Of Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—3,4-Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)

Shinozuka,

Tabaac,

Arenas

et al. 2024

American Journal of Therapeutics

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“…However, the use of WBE in the United States has seen limited use, focusing mainly on parents and metabolites of opioids and cannabinoids ( Banta-Green et al, 2009 ; Bijlsma et al, 2020 ; Bishop et al, 2020a ; Gerrity et al, 2011 ; Gushgari et al, 2019a ; Heuett et al, 2015 ; Rushing and Burgard, 2019 ; Subedi and Kannan, 2014 ). There are very few findings reporting the incidence of mental health drugs such as benzodiazepines and antidepressants in wastewater in the United States ( Bishop et al, 2020a ; Montgomery et al, 2021 ; Ng et al, 2020 ; Oliveira et al, 2015 ; Skees et al, 2018 ; Stamper et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Z-drugs, benzodiazepines, and ketamine in wastewater in the United States and Mexico during the Covid-19 pandemic

Adhikari

Kumar

Driver

et al. 2023

Science of The Total Environment

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Analysis of drug of abuse compounds using passive sampling and ultrahigh-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

Jiménez-Rojas,

Gutiérrez Ulloa,

Chingaté-López

et al. 2023

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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Utilizing Wastewater-Based Epidemiology To Determine Temporal Trends in Illicit Stimulant Use in Seattle, Washington

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—3,4-Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)

Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—3,4-Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)

Occurrence of Z-drugs, benzodiazepines, and ketamine in wastewater in the United States and Mexico during the Covid-19 pandemic

Analysis of drug of abuse compounds using passive sampling and ultrahigh-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

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