Utopia e declínio: a ruptura do paradigma do herói positivo nas obras de V. Aksiónov, V. Eroféev e V. Makánin

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze the transformations and the consequential fall of the notion of the positive hero in Russian Soviet literature since the period known as the Thaw (1953-1964). For this purpose, this research will focus its attention on the construction of the characters of three significant works that represent these changes: Zviózdnyi bilet by Vassili Aksionov, Moskvá-Petuchkí by Venedíkt Erofeev and Andergraund, ili geroi nachego vremeni by Vladimir Makanin. It is intended, thus to retrace the path of this hero, that reached its peak in the "New Soviet man", to determine the conflict established in the new forms of representation fomented by these three authors, based on linguistic innovations, aesthetic construction of subjectivity and individuality, showing the confrontation and denial of the status quo, as well as the paradigm of the official literature. Add to this the fact that these innovations are associated to subversive and marginalized characters, which indicated separation or abandonment of the high ideals involved in the positive hero, by the antiauthoritarian and rebellious conduct (as we see in Aksionov); by the unconformity and vices (in Erofeev); or by the cynicism and underground behavior (in Makanin). Thereby, it hopes to contribute to the understanding of certain aspects of Russian literature related to the process of reappropriation and reconfiguration of the traumatic past, tied to the oppressive regime and the loss of an utopic project.