UV-B Radiation, Its Effects and Defense Mechanisms in Terrestrial Plants

Prado, Fernando Eduardo; Rosa, Mariana; Prado, Carolina; Podazza, Griselda; Interdonato, Roque; González, Juan Antonio Suarez; Hilal, Mirna

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0815-4_3

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Climate change can influence every dimension of biological activity, ranging from genes to ecosystems [ 76 ]. As the most harmful and mutagenic waveband of the solar spectrum, increases in UV irradiation, together with other climate changes such as global warming, are expected to cause rapid and significant changes in the diversity and distribution of species, among-species interactions, including plant–pathogen associations, as well as in ecosystem structure [ 3 , 77 , 78 ]. Understanding the patterns and genetic and physiological mechanisms of species adaptation to UV irradiation is important for accurate predictions of the future impact of increased UV irradiation on ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altitudinal Heterogeneity of UV Adaptation in Phytophthorainfestans Is Associated with the Spatial Distribution of a DNA Repair Gene

Wang

Waheed

Liu

et al. 2021

JoF

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Climate change is considered a major threat to society and nature. UV irradiation is the most important environmental genotoxic agent. Thus, how elevated UV irradiation may influence human health and ecosystems has generated wide concern in the scientific community, as well as with policy makers and the public in general. In this study, we investigated patterns and mechanisms of UV adaptation in natural ecosystems by studying a gene-specific variation in the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. We compared the sequence characteristics of radiation sensitive 23 (RAD23), a gene involved in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway and UV tolerance, in P. infestans isolates sampled from various altitudes. We found that lower genetic variation in the RAD23 gene was caused by natural selection. The hypothesis that UV irradiation drives this selection was supported by strong correlations between the genomic characteristics and altitudinal origin (historic UV irradiation) of the RAD23 sequences with UV tolerance of the P. infestans isolates. These results indicate that the RAD23 gene plays an important role in the adaptation of P. infestans to UV stress. We also found that different climatic factors could work synergistically to determine the evolutionary adaptation of species, making the influence of climate change on ecological functions and resilience more difficult to predict. Future attention should aim at understanding the collective impact generated by simultaneous change in several climate factors on species adaptation and ecological sustainability, using state of the art technologies such as experimental evolution, genome-wide scanning, and proteomics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altitudinal Heterogeneity of UV Adaptation in Phytophthorainfestans Is Associated with the Spatial Distribution of a DNA Repair Gene

Wang

Waheed

Liu

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…; Prado et al . ). Although UV‐C radiation (wavelengths <280 nm) is not a stress that plant life would normally encounter in nature, it is commonly used in laboratory experiments as a means to induce and study cellular damage and DNA damage and repair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sub‐lethal UV‐C radiation induces callose, hydrogen peroxide and defence‐related gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana

2014

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Exposure of plants to UV-C irradiation induces gene expression and cellular responses that are commonly associated with wounding and pathogen defence, and in some cases can lead to increased resistance against pathogen infection. We examined, at a physiological, molecular and biochemical level, the effects of and responses to, sub-lethal UV-C exposure on Arabidopsis plants when irradiated with increasing dosages of UV-C radiation. Following UV-C exposure plants had reduced leaf areas over time, with the severity of reduction increasing with dosage. Severe morphological changes that included leaf glazing, bronzing and curling were found to occur in plants treated with the 1000 J·m(-2) dosage. Extensive damage to the mesophyll was observed, and cell death occurred in both a dosage- and time-dependent manner. Analysis of H₂O₂ activity and the pathogen defence marker genes PR1 and PDF1.2 demonstrated induction of these defence-related responses at each UV-C dosage tested. Interestingly, in response to UV-C irradiation the production of callose (β-1,3-glucan) was identified at all dosages examined. Together, these results show plant responses to UV-C irradiation at much lower doses than have previously been reported, and that there is potential for the use of UV-C as an inducer of plant defence.

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“…Exogenous application of various bioactive compounds (e.g., melatonin, glutathione, various nanofertilizers) has been documented to enhance tolerance against a series of abiotic stressors, including UV [20][21][22][23][24]. Among others, the enhanced tolerance following application of these compounds has been related to oxidative stress alleviation through reactive oxygen species scavenging [24][25][26][27]. Therefore, exploring their amelioration effect in the context of targeted manipulation of secondary metabolism is of significant interest to the related industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pheno-Morphological and Essential Oil Composition Responses to UVA Radiation and Protectants: A Case Study in Three Thymus Species

et al. 2021

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Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation mainly includes UVA (320–400 nm). UVA intensity varies depending on the season and geographic location, while it is projected to rise owing to climate change. Since it elicits secondary metabolism, additional knowledge on the UVA dependence of phytochemical production is required for both farmers and processors, particularly under natural settings. In this field study, the pheno-morphological traits and essential oil composition responses to UVA intensity were addressed in three Thymus species [T. daenensis (endemic to Iran), T. fedtschenkoi (semi-endemic), T. vulgaris (common thyme)]. During growth, three UVA levels (ambient, enriched, excluded) were realized in combination with spraying protectants [water (control), melatonin, glutathione, iron-zinc nanofertilizer]. In T. daenensis, enriched UVA caused early flowering. The height of T. daenensis was the longest under enriched UVA, and the shortest under excluded UVA. In control plants, enriched and excluded UVA stimulated the accumulation of oxygenated metabolites in T. daenensis and T. fedtschenkoi. Altogether, under enriched UVA some phenolic compounds (e.g., thymol, carvacrol, γ-terpinene) increased in the essential oil of all three species, but others decreased. In all taxa, glutathione caused a significant essential oil content reduction. Iron-zinc nanofertilizer increased essential oil accumulation in T. daenensis and T. vulgaris. Treatments also induced an alteration of the essential oil composition. In conclusion, cultivation regime effects on the essential oil quality (composition) and quantity were strongly species dependent. T. deanensis underwent the most consistent enhancement under UVA, making the species more adaptable to climate change, whereas T. fedtschenkoi the least.

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UV-B Radiation, Its Effects and Defense Mechanisms in Terrestrial Plants

Cited by 28 publications

References 148 publications

Altitudinal Heterogeneity of UV Adaptation in Phytophthorainfestans Is Associated with the Spatial Distribution of a DNA Repair Gene

Altitudinal Heterogeneity of UV Adaptation in Phytophthorainfestans Is Associated with the Spatial Distribution of a DNA Repair Gene

Sub‐lethal UV‐C radiation induces callose, hydrogen peroxide and defence‐related gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana

Pheno-Morphological and Essential Oil Composition Responses to UVA Radiation and Protectants: A Case Study in Three Thymus Species

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