UWB Sensor Characterization for Radar Sensing and Imaging in Superluminal Propagation Regions

Winter, Robert; Oloumi, Daniel; Rambabu, Karumudi

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2020.3023095

“…Superluminal light and microwave signals are experimentally observable in waveguides and dispersive media [ 70 ] and even in the near‐field zone in vacuum. [ 71–74 ] For in‐depth general view, see ref. [75].…”

Section: Understanding the Physics Of Proca Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proca Metamaterials, Massive Electromagnetism, and Spatial Dispersion

Mikki

¹

2021

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A class of electromagnetic metamaterials (MTMs) is investigated, which the author dubs Proca MTMs, constituting a medium behaving like a “relativistic material” for potential use in electromagnetic applications. This work is motivated by numerous previous results on particular structures such as plasma, waveguides, photonic crystals, magnetic materials, where it has been observed that photons may acquire mass in some dispersive domains. In this approach, it is rigorously proved using a field‐theoretic approach that Maxwell theory inside certain classes of nonlocal (spatially‐dispersive) metamaterials is equivalent to Proca theory in vacuum, where in the latter photons acquire a nonzero mass (massive electromagnetism.) An explicit closed‐form general expression for the Proca MTM dielectric function is given. It turns out that the key to the operation of Proca MTM is spatial dispersion, and hence Proca MTMs represent an important example of the more general family of nonlocal MTMs. The author's analysis involves multiphysics aspects, utilizing concepts and methods taken from classical electromagnetism, special relativity, quantum theory, electromagnetic materials, and antenna theory. Extensive discussion of the physics, computational methods, and design parameters of Proca MTMs is provided to further understand the nature of massive electromagnetism in nonlocal (spatially‐dispersive) MTMs. As a concrete application, the main ingredients of Proca antennas are developed as an example of the emerging technology of nonlocal antennas, where the author establishes that a single Proca dipole possesses a perfect isotropic radiation pattern, a noteworthy departure from conventional local antennas (radiators in vacuum and temporally dispersive media) where such radiation characteristics is impossible.

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“…Assuming that a gated version of sinusoidal excitation ( 56) with duration T is applied, substituting the expression into the T and L radiation energy density formulas (80) and (81) in Appendix B, making use of ( 66), the following radiation power formulas for the Proca infinitesimal dipole are obtained:…”

Section: Applications: Classical Proca Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proca Metamaterials, Massive Electromagnetism, and Nonlocality

Mikki¹

2021

Preprint

0

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We investigate a new type of electromagnetic meta-materials (MTMs), which we dub Proca MTMs, constituting an interesting medium behaving like a “relativistic material” for potential use in electromagnetic applications. It is rigorously proved using a field-theoretic approach that Maxwell theory inside certain classes of nonlocal metamaterials is equivalent to Maxwell-Proca theory in vacuum, where in the latter photons acquire a nonzero mass (massive electromagnetism.) It turns out that the key to the operation of Proca MTM is nonlocality (here spatial dispersion since the Proca MTM is homogeneous), and hence Proca MTMs represent an important example of the more general family of nonlocal MTMs. Our analysis involves multiphysics aspects, utilizing concepts and methods taken from classical electromagnetism, special relativity, quantum theory, electromagnetic materials, and antenna theory. Extensive discussion of the physics, computational methods, and design parameters of Proca MTMs is provided to further understand the nature of massive electromagnetism in nonlocal MTMs. Proca waves carry an additional polarization degree of freedom and each wave appears to behave like a single mode with two transverse components and one longitudinal. This opens the door for applications in wireless communications and other fields where information could be encoded in polarization. As a concrete application, we develop the main ingredients of Proca antennas as an example of the emerging technology of nonlocal antennas, where we establish that a single Proca dipole possesses a perfect isotropic radiation pattern, a radical departure from conventional local antennas (radiators in vacuum and temporally dispersive media) where such radiation characteristics is impossible. Moreover, the new connection between electromagnetic theory in some nonlocal MTMs and Maxwell-Proca theory allows the use of relativistic techniques developed in the latter in order to efficiently perform calculations like field quantization in nonlocal domains which would be very difficult to perform otherwise.

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“…Superluminal light and microwave signals are experimentally observable in waveguides and dispersive media[76] and even in the near-field zone in vacuum[77]-[80]. For in-depth general view, see[81].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proca Metamaterials, Massive Electromagnetism, and Nonlocality

Mikki¹

2021

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigate a new type of electromagnetic meta-materials (MTMs), which we dub Proca MTMs, constituting an interesting medium behaving like a “relativistic material” for potential use in electromagnetic applications. It is rigorously proved using a field-theoretic approach that Maxwell theory inside certain classes of nonlocal metamaterials is equivalent to Maxwell-Proca theory in vacuum, where in the latter photons acquire a nonzero mass (massive electromagnetism.) It turns out that the key to the operation of Proca MTM is nonlocality (here spatial dispersion since the Proca MTM is homogeneous), and hence Proca MTMs represent an important example of the more general family of nonlocal MTMs. Our analysis involves multiphysics aspects, utilizing concepts and methods taken from classical electromagnetism, special relativity, quantum theory, electromagnetic materials, and antenna theory. Extensive discussion of the physics, computational methods, and design parameters of Proca MTMs is provided to further understand the nature of massive electromagnetism in nonlocal MTMs. Proca waves carry an additional polarization degree of freedom and each wave appears to behave like a single mode with two transverse components and one longitudinal. This opens the door for applications in wireless communications and other fields where information could be encoded in polarization. As a concrete application, we develop the main ingredients of Proca antennas as an example of the emerging technology of nonlocal antennas, where we establish that a single Proca dipole possesses a perfect isotropic radiation pattern, a radical departure from conventional local antennas (radiators in vacuum and temporally dispersive media) where such radiation characteristics is impossible. Moreover, the new connection between electromagnetic theory in some nonlocal MTMs and Maxwell-Proca theory allows the use of relativistic techniques developed in the latter in order to efficiently perform calculations like field quantization in nonlocal domains which would be very difficult to perform otherwise.

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UWB Sensor Characterization for Radar Sensing and Imaging in Superluminal Propagation Regions

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Proca Metamaterials, Massive Electromagnetism, and Spatial Dispersion

Proca Metamaterials, Massive Electromagnetism, and Spatial Dispersion

Proca Metamaterials, Massive Electromagnetism, and Nonlocality

Proca Metamaterials, Massive Electromagnetism, and Nonlocality

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