Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2017 and 2018 — National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2018–2020

Abstract

Immunization is a safe and cost-effective means of preventing illness in young children and interrupting disease transmission within the community.* The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends vaccination of children against 14 diseases during the first 24 months of life (1). CDC uses National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child) data to monitor routine coverage with ACIPrecommended vaccines in the United States at the national, regional, state, territorial, and selected local levels. † CDC assessed vaccination coverage by age 24 months among children born in 2017 and 2018, with comparisons to children born in 2015 and 2016. Nationally, coverage was highest for ≥3 doses of poliovirus vaccine (92.7%); ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) (91.9%); ≥1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) (91.6%); and ≥1 dose of varicella vaccine (VAR) (90.9%). Coverage was lowest for ≥2 doses of influenza vaccine (60.6%). Coverage among children born in 2017-2018 was 2.1-4.5 percentage points higher than it was among those born in 2015-2016 for rotavirus vaccine, ≥1 dose of hepatitis A vaccine (HepA), the HepB birth dose, and ≥2 doses of influenza vaccine. Only 1.0% of children had received no vaccinations by age 24 months. Disparities in coverage were seen for race/ethnicity, poverty status, and * https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/howvpd.htm † Estimates for states, selected local areas, and the territories of Guam and Puerto Rico are available online at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/ coverage/childvaxview/data-reports/index.html. Certain local areas that receive federal Section 317 immunization funds are sampled separately and included in the NIS-Child sample every year (

Evaluating vaccination coverage and timeliness in American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic White children using state immunization information system data, 2015-2017

“…Another related issue is that ImMTrax does not routinely track children with zero vaccine records. While Montana-specific estimates are not available, NIS-Child surveys of children born 2015–2017 estimated that 1.1–1.5% of all U.S. children received zero vaccines by age 24 months ( Hill et al, 2021 ). Additionally, this study was limited to children with ≥ 1 vaccination on or after the 1st birthday.…”

“…We evaluated coverage for all vaccines in the combined 7-vaccine series: four doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP), three doses of poliovirus (IPV), one dose of MMR, three doses of hepatitis B (HepB), three or four doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) depending on brand, one dose of varicella (VAR), and four doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). The ACIP recommends all doses in the combined 7-vaccine series be completed by age 19 months; the CDC monitors combined 7-vaccine series completion by age 24 months at national, state, and some local levels ( Hill et al, 2020 , Hill et al, 2021 ). We reported the number and percentage of children who completed the combined 7-vacccine series by age 24 months by race/ethnicity.…”

“…AI/AN pediatric health is an understudied research area, and immunization coverage estimates are varied and conflicting. The U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) monitors vaccination coverage through the annual National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child), a nationally representative annual telephone survey of caregivers of age-eligible children, followed by provider verification of a child’s immunization history ( CDC, 2020 , Hill et al, 2021 , Smith et al, 2001 , Wolter et al, 2017 ). Previous studies analyzing NIS-Child data show that vaccination coverage was slightly lower among AI/AN children nationally compared to non-AI/AN children between 1998 and 2004, though not all differences were statistically significant ( Groom et al, 2008 , Strine et al, 2003 ).…”

Estimated effectiveness of vaccines and extended half-life monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations in young children

“…If vaccinated infants are infected with wild-type RSV virus, we assume they have a lower chance of developing severe RSV disease, which was set at 0.76, compared with non-vaccinated infants. The realistic coverage of live-attenuated RSV vaccines was informed by the coverage of rotavirus vaccine (70%-86%) [37].…”

“…After this prolonged immunity against RSV wanes, immunized infants will become susceptible to RSV infection and will have the same risk of infection as unimmunized infants. The realistic coverage of extended half-life monoclonal antibodies at birth was assumed to be the same as the coverage of hepatitis B vaccine birth dose (70%-82%) [37],…”