Vaccination Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2018–19 School Year

Seither, Ranee; Driver, Kendra; Mellerson, Jenelle L.; Knighton, Cynthia L; Black, Carla L.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6841e1

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These non-medical exemptions occur in the form of religious exemptions e.g., due to an individual’s religious beliefs which oppose the use of fetal tissue for vaccines and personal belief exemptions e.g., due to an individual’s logical reasoning which disapproves the use of non-natural products for vaccines ( 24 ). Prevalence estimates for vaccination exemptions are currently 2.5% and 1.9% nationally and in Tennessee, respectively ( 25 ). Currently, in the U.S., 45 states and Washington D.C. permit religious exemptions while 15 states allow philosophical exemptions from childhood vaccinations.…”

Section: Barriers To Childhood/adolescent Vaccination Uptake During Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and Other Barriers to Childhood/Adolescent Vaccination Uptake During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic

et al. 2021

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Routine childhood immunizations are proven to be one of the most effective public health interventions at controlling numerous deadly diseases. Therefore, the CDC recommends routine immunizations for children and adolescent populations against vaccine-preventable diseases e.g., tetanus, pertussis, diphtheria, etc. This current review sought to examine barriers to pediatric vaccine uptake behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also explored the implications for parental vaccine hesitancy/delay during an ongoing health crisis and proposed recommendations for increasing vaccine confidence and compliance. Our review determined that the receipt for vaccinations steadily improved in the last decade for both the United States and Tennessee. However, this incremental progress has been forestalled by the COVID-19 pandemic and other barriers i.e. parental vaccine hesitancy, social determinants of health (SDoH) inequalities, etc. which further exacerbate vaccination disparities. Moreover, non-compliance to routine vaccinations could cause an outbreak of diseases, thereby, worsening the ongoing health crisis and already strained health care system. Healthcare providers are uniquely positioned to offer effective recommendations with presumptive languaging to increase vaccination rates, as well as, address parental vaccine hesitancy. Best practices that incorporate healthcare providers’ quality improvement coaching, vaccination reminder recall systems, adherence to standardized safety protocols (physical distancing, hand hygiene practices, etc.), as well as, offer telehealth and outdoor/drive-through/curbside vaccination services, etc. are warranted. Additionally, a concerted effort should be made to utilize public health surveillance systems to collect, analyze, and interpret data, thereby, ensuring the dissemination of timely, accurate health information for effective health policy decision-making e.g., vaccine distribution, etc.

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Section: Barriers To Childhood/adolescent Vaccination Uptake During Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and Other Barriers to Childhood/Adolescent Vaccination Uptake During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…The purpose of vaccination assessment is to identify populations at risk and aid in taking programmatic steps to increase vaccination coverage. Although the COVID-19 pandemic led to late, truncated, or incomplete assessment of kindergarten vaccination status in the 2019–20 school year compared with the 2018–19 school year in some states ( 7 ), most student vaccinations would have already occurred before the start of the 2019–20 school year and would not have been affected by the pandemic. National coverage among kindergartners remained approximately 95% ( 5 ) for MMR, DTaP, and varicella vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourth, national coverage estimates include only 48 of 50 states but use lower bound estimates for seven states; exemption estimates include 49 states but use lower bound estimates for three states; and grace period or provisional enrollment estimates include only 28 states for the 2019–20 school year. Fifth, estimates of potentially achievable MMR coverage are approximations and are underestimated for states that do not report vaccine-specific exemptions ( 5 , 7 ). Finally, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, schools were closed, and state and local health department staff members were deployed to response activities, limiting the quantity and quality of student vaccination data collected and reported to CDC (CDC, unpublished data, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2019–20 School Year

Seither¹,

McGill²,

Kriss³

et al. 2021

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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“…16 In 2017 in the United States, 91.5% of children 19 to 35 months of age had received the first dose of MMR, 18 and 94.7% of those entering kindergarten had received the two doses due. 19 Recent developments in the prevention of measles include both global efforts to eradicate measles as well as efforts in the United States and other developed nations to address vaccine hesitancy. 11,20 Before the 1980s, perhaps 2 million children died each year worldwide from measles.…”

Section: Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine Childhood Vaccines Given From 1 through 18 Years of Age

Jacobson

2020

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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In addition to the vaccines due in the first year of life, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that children continue to receive vaccines regularly against a variety of infectious diseases. Starting at 12 to 15 months of life, these include the two-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine series and the two-dose varicella vaccine series. Also in the second year of life, infants should begin the two-dose hepatitis A vaccine series and complete the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine series as well as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine series. Before 19 months of life, infants should receive the third dose of the poliovirus vaccine and the fourth dose of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. The final doses of poliovirus and tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccines are both due at 4 to 6 years of life. Before each influenza season, every child should receive the influenza vaccine. Those less than 9 years of age who previously received less than two doses need two doses a month apart. At 11 to 12 years of life, all should get two doses of the human papillomavirus vaccine, the adolescent/adult version of the tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine, and begin a two-dose series of meningococcal ACWY vaccine. Each of these vaccines is due when the vaccine works to protect against both an immediate risk as well as to provide long-term protection. Each vaccine-preventable disease varies in terms of the nature of exposure, the form of the morbidity, the risk of mortality, and potential to prevent or ameliorate its harm.

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Vaccination Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2018–19 School Year

Cited by 44 publications

References 5 publications

Addressing Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and Other Barriers to Childhood/Adolescent Vaccination Uptake During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic

Addressing Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and Other Barriers to Childhood/Adolescent Vaccination Uptake During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic

Vaccination Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2019–20 School Year

Routine Childhood Vaccines Given From 1 through 18 Years of Age

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