Vaccination of healthy subjects and autoantibodies: from mice through dogs to humans

Abstract

Vaccination against pathogenic microorganisms is one of the major achievements of modern medicine, but due to an increasing number of reports of adverse reactions the vaccination procedure has induced also considerable debate. It is well known that certain infections are involved in triggering the production of autoantibodies, which could lead to autoimmune adverse reactions in genetically predisposed subjects. Based on these findings it was assumed that vaccinations might induce similar autoimmune reactions. At present there is no clear-cut evidence that vaccinations are associated with overt autoimmune diseases but it has been demonstrated that in genetically predisposed persons vaccination can trigger the production of autoantibodies and autoimmune adverse reactions. The first studies investigating the production of autoantibodies following vaccination were done in dogs and mice. Several studies investigated the production of autoantibodies following vaccination in patients with autoimmune diseases, but there are only limited data on the autoimmune responses after vaccinations in apparently healthy humans. This review summarizes current evidence on the vaccination-induced autoantibodies in apparently healthy subjects including studies in animals and humans.

Adjuvant immunization induces high levels of pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies in genetically prone mice: another facet of the ASIA syndrome

“…Although there was no statistically significant production of aPL after vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine in healthy adults, a long-term aPL response in genetically predisposed individuals could not be excluded. [25][26][27] In another study, low rate of aCL positivity was demonstrated in healthy individuals 3 months after influenza vaccination. 28 Thus, we suggest that susceptible individuals (genetically prone) have an increased risk of developing a sustained autoimmune response, and subsequently produce autoantibodies after vaccination or exposure to adjuvant.…”

Vaccine model of antiphospholipid syndrome induced by tetanus vaccine

“…Manifestations of APS 1 in the mouse model include a decrease in fecundity and/or fertility. Various data that connect exposure to microbial antigens, either during infections [2][3][4][5] or vaccinations, [6][7][8][9][10] to autoantibody production have been published in recent years. Experimental evidence for infectious origins of APS came from mice, immunized with a panel of microbial preparations, which developed anti-b 2 GPI Abs.…”

Systemic lupus erythematosus following HPV immunization or infection?

“…Such reactions are usually rare and transient. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Quadrivalent human papilloma virus (qHPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 19 recombinant vaccine has been approved for young women for prevention of cervical cancer, showing 90-100% efficacy in the prevention of precancerous cervical, vaginal and vulvar lesions and genital warts. Reported serious adverse events include Guillain-Barre´syndrome (GBS), transverse myelitis, pancreatitis, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and 51 cases of autoimmune diseases, including SLE in 18, RA in 13, mixed connective tissue disease in four, and Sjogren's, dermatomyositis, and scleroderma in one patient each.…”