Vaccines for Cholesterol Management

Rittershaus, Charles W.

doi:10.1007/s00268-006-0759-0

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Vaccines against lipoproteins, cholesterol itself, and molecules involved in cholesterol metabolism have all proved helpful in modifying the course of sickness in animal models of atherosclerosis. One vaccine that generates antibodies against cholesteryl ester transfer protein has also advanced into the domain of human clinical testing [ 74 ]. PCSK9 inhibitors in particular have had a significant impact on clinical practice; angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibition has recently been shown.…”

Section: Pcsk9 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Potential use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition and prevention method in viral infection

Muzammil,

Hooshiar,

Varmazyar

et al. 2024

Microb Cell Fact

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Cellular lipid membranes serve as the primary barrier preventing viral infection of the host cell and provide viruses with a critical initial point of contact. Occasionally, viruses can utilize lipids as viral receptors. Viruses depend significantly on lipid rafts for infection at virtually every stage of their life cycle. The pivotal role that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) plays in cholesterol homeostasis and atherosclerosis, primarily by post-transcriptionally regulating hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and promoting its lysosomal degradation, has garnered increasing interest. Conversely, using therapeutic, fully humanized antibodies to block PCSK9 leads to a significant reduction in high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved PCSK9 inhibitors, including inclisiran (Leqvio®), alirocumab (Praluent), and evolocumab (Repatha). At present, active immunization strategies targeting PCSK9 present a compelling substitute for passive immunization through the administration of antibodies. In addition to the current inquiry into the potential therapeutic application of PCSK9 inhibition in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients for hyperlipidemia associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART), preclinical research suggests that PCSK9 may also play a role in inhibiting hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. Furthermore, PCSK9 inhibition has been suggested to protect against dengue virus (DENV) potentially and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses. Recent evidence regarding the impact of PCSK9 on a variety of viral infections, including HCV, HIV, DENV, and SARS-CoV-2, is examined in this article. As a result, PCSK9 inhibitors and vaccines may serve as viable host therapies for viral infections, as our research indicates that PCSK9 is significantly involved in the pathogenesis of viral infections. Graphical abstract: the function of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in reducing cholesterol uptake and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) recycling in various viral infections, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), dengue virus (DENV), rift valley fever (RVF), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is summarized in this figure

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Section: Pcsk9 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Potential use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition and prevention method in viral infection

Muzammil,

Hooshiar,

Varmazyar

et al. 2024

Microb Cell Fact

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“…Given these results, the authors have begun to develop a new vaccine, using a more immunogenic antigen (CETi-2). Their preliminary data have shown that, in animal studies, this vaccine can elicit higher titers of anti-CETP antibodies than CETi-1 [28]. In addition, Gaofu et al have used two types of CETP vaccines, one composed of the 26 C-terminal amino acids of human CETP and another DNA vaccine containing CpG motifs as an adjuvant and showed a reduction of atherosclerotic plaques in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis [29][30][31][32] (Table 3).…”

Section: Vaccines Against Targets Of Cholesterol Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 95%

Vaccination for Atherosclerosis

Carvalho

Pereira

Shoenfeld

2009

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and several antigens have been shown to activate the immune response and affect the development of atherogenesis. This suggests that modulation of the immune system could represent a useful approach to prevent and/or treat this disorder. A vaccination approach might be a useful, effective tool in the modern arsenal of cardiovascular therapy and could possibly be used on a large scale at a low cost. Several modalities of vaccines have been tested against lipoproteins, cholesterol, molecules involved in cholesterol metabolism, atherosclerosis-associated microorganisms, and other molecules (heat shock protein, CD99, vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor, interleukin-2), with promising results. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the role of immunization in atherosclerosis will be essential to the use of vaccines in clinical medicine.

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“…59,60 These vaccines have been mainly developed to target lipoproteins, cholesterol itself, or molecules involved in the metabolism of cholesterol. [61][62][63][64][65]…”

Section: Vaccines For Dyslipidemia and Cholesterolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines for metabolic diseases: current perspectives

Morais¹,

Andrade²,

Pereira³

et al. 2014

VDT

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Several metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, represent significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adult populations in western societies. Understandably, these chronic disorders have now replaced infectious diseases as the most important public health problem and economic burden to society in most countries. Treatment of metabolic risk factors in order to prevent cardiovascular disease requires an enduring approach with multiple drugs, which can be associated with considerable costs, side effects, and a low rate of therapeutic compliance due to lack of symptoms until later stages of the disease. Since vaccines have proven to be a powerful and effective approach to preventing infectious diseases, attempts to expand the therapeutic use of vaccines into the context of highly prevalent diseases has been attracting increased research interest. Vaccination strategies for chronic diseases in particular are an exciting area of research, with new treatment targets and strategies on the horizon. This review discusses the development of innovative therapeutic agents, focusing on the use of molecular vaccines for the treatment of common and highly prevalent chronic metabolic disorders, ie, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity.

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Vaccines for Cholesterol Management

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Potential use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition and prevention method in viral infection

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Potential use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition and prevention method in viral infection

Vaccination for Atherosclerosis

Vaccines for metabolic diseases: current perspectives

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