Vaccines for COVID-19: perspectives from nucleic acid vaccines to BCG as delivery vector system

Queiroz, Nina Marí Gual Pimenta de; Marinho, Fábio V.; Chagas, Marcelo A.; Leite, Luciana Cezar de Cerqueira; Homan, E. Jane; Magalhães, Mariana T.Q. de; Oliveira, Sérgio C.

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2020.09.004

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Likewise, a fully optimized RNA-based vaccine confers an advantage over the DNA vaccine, as it induces the innate immune response by utilizing various cellular pathways in response to foreign RNA ( Elion and Cook, 2018 ), including endosomal receptors like TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8, and cytoplasmic receptors like MDA-5, NLRP3, RIG-I, and NOD2 ( Lazzaro et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2017 ; Rauch et al, 2018 ). Immunization with both DNA and RNA vaccines may lead to the upregulation of cytokine expressions, including chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) and type I interferons that recruit immune cells like dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, followed by enhancement of the adaptive immune responses ( de Queiroz et al, 2020 ). Additionally, RNA-based vaccines also demonstrated an intrinsic adjuvant effect.…”

Section: Rna As a Vaccine Platform: Proof Of Concept And Beyondmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, RNA-based vaccines are being anticipated as one of the rapid solutions for the pandemic crisis due to their versatile nature, simple manufacturing process, and the pre-requisite of only pathogenic sequence for vaccine development. Additionally, advanced self-amplifying and trans-amplifying RNA vaccine candidates allow potent and durable antigen production in vivo in lower doses because of their inherent immuno-stimulatory properties ( de Queiroz et al, 2020 ). The recent interest in the development of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines has been fueled by the state of the art technologies that enhance mRNA stability and improve vaccine delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspectives on RNA Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19

Borah

Deb

Al-Shar’i

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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With the current outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, vaccination is acclaimed as a public health care priority. Rapid genetic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 has triggered the scientific community to search for effective vaccines. Collaborative approaches from research institutes and biotech companies have acknowledged the use of viral proteins as potential vaccine candidates against COVID-19. Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) vaccines are considered the next generation vaccines as they can be rapidly designed to encode any desirable viral sequence including the highly conserved antigen sequences. RNA vaccines being less prone to host genome integration (cons of DNA vaccines) and anti-vector immunity (a compromising factor of viral vectors) offer great potential as front-runners for universal COVID-19 vaccine. The proof of concept for RNA-based vaccines has already been proven in humans, and the prospects for commercialization are very encouraging as well. With the emergence of COVID-19, mRNA-1273, an mRNA vaccine developed by Moderna, Inc. was the first to enter human trials, with the first volunteer receiving the dose within 10 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequencing. The recent interest in mRNA vaccines has been fueled by the state of the art technologies that enhance mRNA stability and improve vaccine delivery. Interestingly, as per the “Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines” published by the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 29, 2020, seven potential RNA based COVID-19 vaccines are in different stages of clinical trials; of them, two candidates already received emergency use authorization, and another 22 potential candidates are undergoing pre-clinical investigations. This review will shed light on the rationality of RNA as a platform for vaccine development against COVID-19, highlighting the possible pros and cons, lessons learned from the past, and the future prospects.

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Section: Rna As a Vaccine Platform: Proof Of Concept And Beyondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on RNA Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19

Borah

Deb

Al-Shar’i

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…They are made by inserting mRNA or DNA into some cells and forcing them to make immunogenic viral proteins. Sequencing techniques and reverse genetics have a significant role to shorten the development time of a vaccine during the pandemic (84).…”

Section: Nucleic Acid (Rna and Dna) Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of vaccines tries to stimulate the production of antibodies against the viral protein that is found on the surface of the virus spike. These antibodies can neutralize and block the cell infecting proteins in the respiratory tract (84).…”

Section: Nucleic Acid (Rna and Dna) Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an essential brief

Zare

Sadati-Seyyed-Mahalle

Mokhtari

et al. 2021

Mod Med Lab J

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During 2019, the number of patients suffering from cough, fever and reduction of WBC's count increased. At the beginning, this mysterious illness was called "fever with unknown origin" but now, it is known as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 is one member of great family of coronaviruses. Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses. The SARS-CoV-2 has some particular structures for infecting, reproducing and causing damage. The SARS-CoV-2 can bind angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors and cause various difficulties for human. The SARS-CoV-2 can cause both serious and not-serious issues for mankind. Malayan pangolin and bat are the most suspicious candidate for being sources of the SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by various ways such as transmitting from infected human to healthy human and can make severe pneumonia, which can lead to death. The SARS-CoV-2 can infect different kind of people with different ages, races, and social and economic levels. The SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause various sorts of clinical manifestations like cough and fever and intensity of signs and symptoms depends on sufferer conditions. Clinicians use all of available documents and tests for diagnosing new cases and curing patients with high accuracy. At the present time, there is no particular way for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It seems that the best way for standing against the SARS-CoV-2 infection is preventing from it by social distancing and vaccination. This review tries to prepare an essential brief update about SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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“…The fatality rate of COVID-19 is substantially lower, when compared to the earlier reported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Whereas, being more transmissible, the virus has spread to over 213 countries so far, infected more than 9,050,000 people and claimed over 470,000 lives to date (Worldometer, FIGURE 1 | The life cycle of Covid-19, (1) host cell recognition, binding, fusion and endocytosis (2) viral RNA genome is released into the cytoplasm (de Queiroz et al, 2020) (3) uncoating of the RNA and replication (4) translation into two replicate polyproteins (5) translocation of virion assemble and Golgi as vesicles (6) translocation to host cell membrane (7) exocytosis and their possible nanocarrier systems to target Covid-19.…”

Section: Life Cycle Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perspective on Bio-Nano Interface Technology for Covid-19

Kamaraj¹

2020

Front. Nanotechnol.

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The field of bio-nano interfaces paves the way for a better understanding, development, and implementation of the advanced biotechnological process. Interfacing biomolecules with the nanomaterials will result in the development of new tools and techniques that, in turn, will enable to explore the fundamental process at the nano level and fabricate cost-effective portable devices. Fascinating biomolecules like DNA, RNA and proteins in the regime of nanoscale are intelligent materials that are capable of storing the information and controlling the basic structure and function of the complex biological systems. Following this concept, the current pandemic situation would be a natural selection process, where the selective pressure is on the ssRNA of Covid-19 to choose the suitable progeny for survival. Consequently, the interaction of human DNA invoking response with Covid-19 happens at the nanoscale and it could be a better candidate to provoke combat against the virus. The extent of this interaction would give us the insights at the nanotechnological level to tackle the prevention, diagnosis and treatment for Covid-19. Herein, the possible features and obstacles in Covid-19 and a probable solution from the advent of nanotechnology are discussed to address the current necessity. Moreover, the perspective sustainable green graph mask that can be prepared using green plant extract/graphene (Bio-Nano composite mask) is suggested for the possible protection of virus-like Covid-19. The composite material will not only effectively trap the virus but also inactivate the virus due to the presence of antiviral compounds in the plant extracts.

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Vaccines for COVID-19: perspectives from nucleic acid vaccines to BCG as delivery vector system

Cited by 26 publications

References 141 publications

Perspectives on RNA Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19

Perspectives on RNA Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19

An update of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an essential brief

The Perspective on Bio-Nano Interface Technology for Covid-19

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