Vacuum induced transparency and photon number resolved Autler-Townes splitting in a three-level system

We experimentally study a vacuum-induced Autler-Townes doublet in a superconducting threelevel artificial atom strongly coupled to a coplanar waveguide resonator and simultaneously to a transmission line. The Autler-Townes splitting is observed in the reflection spectrum from the three-level atom in a transition between the ground state and the second excited state when the transition between the two excited states is resonant with a resonator. By applying a driving field to the resonator, we observe a change in the regime of the Autler-Townes splitting from quantum (vacuum-induced) to classical (with many resonator photons). Furthermore, we show that the reflection of propagating microwaves in a transmission line could be controlled by different frequency single photons in a resonator. PACS numbers: 42.50.Lc, 42.65.Lm, 85.25.Cp Electromagnetic waves propagating through a medium of identical atoms are resonantly absorbed. The absorption can be eliminated when a strong driving field couples other atomic transitions in, for example, three-level atoms, creating a transparency window for the waves. This results in either Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) [1] or electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [2,3] and is extensively studied in quantum optics [4,5]. The same phenomena can be observed even if the medium is replaced by a single atom or a molecule which is coupled to either a cavity [6,7] or an open space [8,9]. However, the strong coupling between the driving field and a single natural atom is difficult to achieve. Recently, the strong coupling has been experimentally achieved between a superconducting artificial atom and non-quantized microwave fields confined in a one-dimensional transmission line [10]. This enables ATS and EIT to be observed using a single superconducting artificial atom [11][12][13][14]. Several experiments have already shown ATS [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and state manipulation [23,24] in a single three-level artificial atom. ATS [25] and EIT [26] have been demonstrated in a Jaynes-Cummings ladder system of a single two-level artificial atom dispersively coupled to a cavity.The observation of both ATS and EIT in a medium (an ensemble of atoms) usually requires strong classical driving fields. However, the conditions are different: the driving field required for the observation of EIT is weaker than that for ATS, and there is a crossover from ATS to EIT [27,28]. In particular, in ATS the splitting is determined by the Rabi frequency of the driving field, whereas in EIT the dip between the two peaks is a result of quantum interference. These effects take place even if the medium is scaled down to a single atom and the driving field is quantized. The condition for the observation of the effects can then be reduced to a small number of photons or even without photons owing to coupling to a vacuum mode. Theoretical investigations show that the transparency for the classical probing field can still occur [29]. This has potentially important applications, for example, in single-photon...

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Novel superconducting qubits and quantum physics

Shen¹,

Liu²,

Zheng³

2018

Acta Phys. Sin.

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In the past years, superconducting quantum computation has received much attention and significant progress of the device design and fabrication has been made, which leads qubit coherence times to be improved greatly. Recently, we have successfully designed, fabricated, and tested the superconducting qubits based on the negative-inductance superconducting quantum interference devices (nSQUIDs), which are expected to have the advantages for the fast quantum information transfer and macroscopic quantum phenomenon study with a two-dimensional potential landscape. Their quantum coherence and basic physical properties have been demonstrated and systematically investigated. On the other hand, a new type of superconducting qubit, called transmon and Xmon qubit, has been developed in the meantime by the international community, whose coherence time has been gradually increased to the present scale of tens of microseconds. These devices are demonstrated to have many advantages in the sample design and fabrication, and multi-qubit coupling and manipulation. We have also studied this type of superconducting qubit. In collaboration with Zhejiang University and the University of Science and Technology of China, we have successfully fabricated various types of the coupled Xmon devices having the qubit numbers ranging from 4 to 10. Quantum entanglement, quantum algorithm of solving coupled linear equations, and quantum simulation of the many-body localization problem in solid-state physics have been demonstrated by using these devices. Also, we have made significant achievements in the studies of the macroscopic quantum phenomena, quantum dissipation, quantum microwave lasing, and some other quantum optics problems. In particular, Autler-Townes splitting under strong microwave drive, electromagnetically induced transparency, stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, microwave mixing, correlated emission lasing, and microwave frequency up-and-down conversion have been successfully studied, both experimentally and theoretically.

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Vacuum induced transparency and photon number resolved Autler-Townes splitting in a three-level system

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Controllable optical bistability in an optomechanical ring cavity with an atomic ensemble and the Coulomb interaction

Controllable optical bistability in an optomechanical ring cavity with an atomic ensemble and the Coulomb interaction

Vacuum-induced Autler-Townes splitting in a superconducting artificial atom

Novel superconducting qubits and quantum physics

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