Vaginal microbiome and sexually transmitted infections: an epidemiologic perspective

Brotman, Rebecca M.

doi:10.1172/jci57172

Cited by 225 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…In vaginal ecosystems, a low diversity of bacterial communities (dominated by Lactobacillus species) seems to represent a healthy vaginal flora (13,14). In contrast, low diversity of the gut microbiota has been considered as a causative factor for inflammatory bowel disease (15).…”

Section: Antibiotic Treatment Induces An Imbalance In Microbial Compomentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis-induced IL-33 contributes to impaired antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa

Kim

Chang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Commensal microbiota are well known to play an important role in antiviral immunity by providing immune inductive signals; however, the consequence of dysbiosis on antiviral immunity remains unclear. We demonstrate that dysbiosis caused by oral antibiotic treatment directly impairs antiviral immunity following viral infection of the vaginal mucosa. Antibiotic-treated mice succumbed to mucosal herpes simplex virus type 2 infection more rapidly than water-fed mice, and also showed delayed viral clearance at the site of infection. However, innate immune responses, including type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokine production at infection sites, as well as induction of virusspecific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in draining lymph nodes, were not impaired in antibiotic-treated mice. By screening the factors controlling antiviral immunity, we found that IL-33, an alarmin released in response to tissue damage, was secreted from vaginal epithelium after the depletion of commensal microbiota. This cytokine suppresses local antiviral immunity by blocking the migration of effector T cells to the vaginal tissue, thereby inhibiting the production of IFN-γ, a critical cytokine for antiviral defense, at local infection sites. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of homeostasis maintained by commensal bacteria, and reveal a deleterious consequence of dysbiosis in antiviral immune defense.commensal microbiota | dysbiosis | IL-33 | herpes simplex virus type 2 | genital tract

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Section: Antibiotic Treatment Induces An Imbalance In Microbial Compomentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis-induced IL-33 contributes to impaired antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa

Kim

Chang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Molecular studies show that vaginal microbiota vary in species composition (26,27), and therefore it is likely that they respond differently in the BV or extrinsic disturbances such as during menstruation, sexual activity or female hygiene practices among other events (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BV is the cause of considerable morbidity and is the most cited cause of vaginal symptoms prompting females to seek primary health care (28,31). Furthermore, it is reported that BV is also associated with poor pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery (30,32,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp. in Routine Gynecological Care in Sao Paulo City, Brazil

Milanezi¹,

Falconi²,

Beatriz³

et al. 2016

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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“…This is a very common gynecological disease [1] and it is so frequent that virtually every woman in adulthood has been affected at least once [2]. From an etiological point of view, there are mainly two types of vaginitis: specific vaginitis and non-specific vaginitis (also defined vaginosis), with the latter being the most prevalent [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of a Medical Vaginal Device Containing Rigenase^® for the Treatment of Vaginosis: A Randomized Study

Papa¹,

Troncone²,

Altruda³

et al. 2017

J Clin Gynecol Obstet

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Background: Vaginitis is an inflammatory process involving the vagina, expanding often to the contiguous anatomical structures (cervix and vulva). From an etiological point of view, there are mainly two types of vaginitis: specific vaginitis (due to pathogenic microorganisms) and non-specific vaginitis (also defined vaginosis), usually caused by an alteration (disruption) of the normal vaginal microflora, usually represented by the presence of Lactobacilli due to opportunist bacteria proliferation. Whereby, the first line therapeutic approach for vaginosis (which is frequently subject to self-medication) should be focused on rebalancing the flora and not on antimicrobials, reserving the latter to persistent cases that are properly characterized by appropriate microbiological tests. A new medical device is available in different formulations for the local treatment of vaginitis and, in addition, of irritative-dystrophic states of the vaginal area.

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Vaginal microbiome and sexually transmitted infections: an epidemiologic perspective

Cited by 225 publications

References 106 publications

Dysbiosis-induced IL-33 contributes to impaired antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa

Dysbiosis-induced IL-33 contributes to impaired antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa

Prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp. in Routine Gynecological Care in Sao Paulo City, Brazil

Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of a Medical Vaginal Device Containing Rigenase^® for the Treatment of Vaginosis: A Randomized Study

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Vaginal microbiome and sexually transmitted infections: an epidemiologic perspective

Cited by 225 publications

References 106 publications

Dysbiosis-induced IL-33 contributes to impaired antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa

Dysbiosis-induced IL-33 contributes to impaired antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa

Prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp. in Routine Gynecological Care in Sao Paulo City, Brazil

Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of a Medical Vaginal Device Containing Rigenase® for the Treatment of Vaginosis: A Randomized Study

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Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of a Medical Vaginal Device Containing Rigenase^® for the Treatment of Vaginosis: A Randomized Study