Valaciclovir for the Suppression of Recurrent Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: A Large‐Scale Dose Range‐Finding Study

Reitano, Michael; Tyring, Stephen K.; Lang, Weiya; Thoming, Christopher; Worm, Anne‐Marie; Borelli, Sueli Donizete; Chambers, Lucy; Robinson, Jonathan; Corey, Lawrence

doi:10.1086/515385

Cited by 194 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Despite the widespread use of antiviral therapy in the past 20 years, the incidence of infection and complications caused by HSV-2 remain almost intact (Xu et al, 2006;Morris et al, 2008). Daily antiviral therapy has been shown to reduce genital injury (Mertz et al, 1988;Reitano et al, 1998) and to suppress the detection of HSV on the genital mucosa surface (Wald et al, 1996;Gupta et al, 2004). However, daily intake of acyclovir could only reduce the chance of sexually transmitted disease contamination by 48% (Corey et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition effect of silver nanoparticles on herpes simplex virus 2

Hu¹,

Li²,

Kong³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

114

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ABSTRACT. The herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most important sexually transmitted pathogens, and can facilitate the spread of human immunodeficiency virus. The currently available antiviral drugs have certain limitations. Nanosilver has received increasing attention recently with respect to its antibacterial and antiviral properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibiting effect and mechanism of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on HSV-2. The cytotoxicity of Vero cells induced by different Ag-NP concentrations was investigated by using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The inhibiting effect of Ag-NPs on HSV-2 at various times was also evaluated by using a plaque assay. The toxicity of 100 μg/mL Ag-NPs on Vero cells was very low. The mixture of Ag-NP suspension and HSV-2 prior to infecting cells could significantly inhibit the production of progeny viruses. AgNPs also inhibited the replication of HSV-2 for 24 h before infecting cells with HSV-2. Therefore, 100 μg/mL Ag-NPs could completely inhibit HSV-2 replication. Ag-NPs at nontoxic concentrations were capable of inhibiting HSV-2 replication when administered prior to viral infection or soon after initial virus exposure. This suggests 7023 Inhibition effect of silver nanoparticles on HSV-2 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (3): 7022-7028 (2014) that the mode of action of Ag-Nps occurs during the early phases of viral replication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition effect of silver nanoparticles on herpes simplex virus 2

Hu¹,

Li²,

Kong³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

114

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“…While effective, this approach requires chronic daily dosing to maintain inhibition of the virus, demands good compliance, and is expensive (14,15,17,18,19). There is no posttreatment efficacy; discontinuation of suppressive treatment results in reversion to the pretreatment recurrence rate (6,23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imiquimod 5-Percent Cream Does Not Alter the Natural History of Recurrent Herpes Genitalis: a Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Schacker

Conant

Thoming

et al. 2002

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Present strategies for control of herpes genitalis recurrences require multiple daily doses of antiviral medication. Imiquimod, an immune response modifier, induces alpha interferon and interleukin-12; application in the presence of local herpes antigens during a recurrence may augment herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific cell-mediated immunity. To test this theory, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study of imiquimod 5% cream to assess safety and efficacy for decreasing recurrences. Patients with six or more recurrences of herpes genitalis per year applied study cream (imiquimod or placebo) to lesions one, two, or three times per week for 3 weeks for each recurrence during a 16-week treatment period. This was followed by a 16-week observation period. Of 124 patients randomized to the study, 103 completed the treatment period and 93 completed the observation period. The median times to first genital herpes recurrence were 53 days for those receiving placebo (n ‫؍‬ 30) and 54, 60, and 64 days for those receiving imiquimod one time per week (n ‫؍‬ 34), two times per week (n ‫؍‬ 32), and three times per week (n ‫؍‬ 28), respectively. The median annualized recurrence rates during the treatment period were 3.8, 4.9, 3.2, and 3.1, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the time to first recurrence or in the annualized recurrence rate between the imiquimod and placebo groups in either the treatment or the observation period. A trend in increased rates of local adverse events at the application site and a delay in lesion healing with more frequent dosing suggested a pharmacologic effect. Although clinical efficacy has been observed for imiquimod in other conditions in which a TH1-type immune response may be beneficial, including other viral infections such as those caused by human papillomavirus, no apparent effect on the short-term natural history of herpes genitalis recurrences was observed.

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“…• increased risk for HIV acquisition among HSV-2 seropositive persons who are exposed to HIV (suppressive antiviral therapy does not reduce the increased risk for HIV acquisition associated with HSV-2 infection) (75,347).…”

Section: Management Of Genitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2002

2002

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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SummaryThese guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were updated by CDC after consultation with a group of professionals knowledgeable in the field of STDs who met in Atlanta on April 30-May 2, 2013. The information in this report updates the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010 (MMWR Recomm Rep 201059 [No. RR-12]). These updated guidelines discuss 1) alternative treatment regimens for Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 2) the use of nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis; 3) alternative treatment options for genital warts; 4) the role of Mycoplasma genitalium in urethritis/cervicitis and treatment-related implications; 5) updated HPV vaccine recommendations and counseling messages; 6) the management of persons who are transgender; 7) annual testing for hepatitis C in persons with HIV infection; 8) updated recommendations for diagnostic evaluation of urethritis; and 9) retesting to detect repeat infection. Physicians and other health-care providers can use these guidelines to assist in the prevention and treatment of STDs.

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Valaciclovir for the Suppression of Recurrent Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: A Large‐Scale Dose Range‐Finding Study

Cited by 194 publications

References 11 publications

Inhibition effect of silver nanoparticles on herpes simplex virus 2

Inhibition effect of silver nanoparticles on herpes simplex virus 2

Imiquimod 5-Percent Cream Does Not Alter the Natural History of Recurrent Herpes Genitalis: a Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2002

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