Validated Binary High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Fingerprints of Polyphenolics for Distinguishing Different Salvia Species

Abstract

Salvia (sage) is the largest plant genus in the family Lamiaceae, embracing ca. 900 species. There is a growing interest in investigating chemical contents of different Salvia species, as some of them have been reported to exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity. In this paper, conjugated (i.e., binary) chromatographic fingerprints have been introduced for the twenty Salvia species that are grown and cultivated in Poland. Apart from videoscans traditionally used for a comparison of the high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprints, digital scanning profiles and images obtained with use of the image processing program have also been employed. It is the first time that binary chromatographic fingerprints are used for the investigation of chemical contents of the Salvia species. The proposed procedure is rapid when compared with the similar ones presented in the literature, and moreover, it is easy to handle. The proposed method offers a possibility to discern the investigated species. It can be applied not only for chemotaxonomic purposes but also for finding new plant species that can be used as medical herbs (as it has been proposed, with S. triloba having a similar profile to S. officinalis). Validation of the method reveals that it is specific, reproducible, precise, and robust.

Development of chromatographic and free radical scavenging activity fingerprints by thin‐layer chromatography for selected Salvia species

“…The optimised extraction conditions were: temperature, 40°C ( n ‐hexane) and 100°C (methanol); pressure, 68 atm ( n ‐hexane) and 65 atm (methanol); initial heating time, 10 min ( n ‐hexane) and 2 min (methanol); heating time after introduction of solvent, 5 min (with both solvents); static extraction time, 5 min (with both solvents); solvent volume, 40 mL (with both solvents); number of cycles, 2 (with both solvents). A detailed description of the extraction procedure of the plant material can be found in our earlier work (Cieśla et al ., 2010).…”

“…mobile phase composition, heating temperature and drying time, on the final results was also checked. A more detailed description of the validation procedures was given in our earlier work (Cieśla et al ., 2010).…”

The HPLC/DAD Fingerprints and Chemometric Analysis of Flavonoid Extracts from the Selected Sage (Salvia) Species

“…In spite of a vast number of the different species and a wide popularity of the plants belonging to the Salvia genus, relatively little attention has been paid to phytochemical analysis of these plants, prior to our own systematic research (e.g., [1][2][3][4]). In the course of the centuries, different sage species have gained the repute for their outstanding therapeutic, culinary, and decorative valor.…”

Chemotaxonomy

“…Conjugated (i.e., binary) chromatographic fingerprints were introduced for 20 Salvia species that are grown and cultivated in Poland (Ciesla et al, 2010). Conjugated (i.e., binary) chromatographic fingerprints were introduced for 20 Salvia species that are grown and cultivated in Poland (Ciesla et al, 2010).…”

“…Polyphenolic compounds such as rutin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, and quercetin have an Rf of zero(Ciesla et al, 2010), while vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, coumarin, acacetin, and apigenin are not detected at l ¼ 366 nm. The retardation factor (Rf) is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the center of a spot to the distance traveled by the solvent front.…”