Validated Spectrophotometric Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride and Metronidazole in Tablets

Abstract

Regular ArticleCiprofloxacin (CIP, Fig. 1a) [1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(piperazinyl)-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid] belongs to the second generation of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents. These quinolones are effective against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria through inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase), the enzyme responsible for maintaining the superhelical twists in the bacterial DNA, leading to inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis.1) Similar to other fluoroquinolones, CIP has shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of a wide range of systemic infections such as urinary tract, respiratory, gastrointestinal and cutaneous infections. Because of its low toxicity, very wide spectrum of antibacterial effect and low ability to cause bacterial resistance, CIP has been widely used in clinical practice.2) Metronidazole (MET, Fig. 1b) is used as an antiprotozoal, antiamebic and antibacterial drug.3) It is chemically designated as 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol. Since CIP has a reduced activity against anaerobic pathogens, CIP and MET are coformulated together in pharmaceutical dosage forms for the treatment of mixed aerobic/anaerobic infections. 4)A survey of literature has revealed several analytical methods for the determination of CIP in pharmaceutical dosage form and biological fluids, including spectrophotometry, [5][6][7][8] spectrofluorimetry, 9-11) HPLC, 12-16) capillary electrophoresis 17,18) and HPTLC. 19) CIP in admixtures with MET and ampicillin has been determined by NMR. 20) Recently, HPLC methods either with fluorescence detection or coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for determination of ciprofloxacin in human plasma 21,22) have also been published. MET has been determined by several methods involving spectrophotometry [23][24][25][26] and HPLC. [27][28][29][30][31][32] MET in intravenous admixture with CIP was determined by first-derivative spectrophotometry 33) and LC. 34) Literature reports only one article for the simultaneous determination of CIP and MET in tablet form by the same authors of the present work. In this article, a reversed phase ion-pair HPLC and TLC densitometry have been adopted for the simultaneous determination of both drugs in tablets.35) However, due to lack of such equipments in many resources-limited countries and the high costs of HPLC grade solvents and columns, alternative methods are needed to facilitate and increase the speed of analysis, with relatively few costs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous article concerning simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of the two drugs was published. Spectrophotometry continues to be very popular, because of its simplicity, versatility and low cost. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to develop and validate different UV spectrophotometric and chemometric techniques for the simultaneous determination of CIP and MET in tablets without previous separation. Both derivative and derivative ratio spectrophotometry are useful technique for resolving two overlapping...

Copper Based Organic Framework Modified Electrosensor for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Ciprofloxacin

“…Ciprofloxacin (1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4 dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid) is a second generation fluoroquinolone and is widely used antibiotic to treat various bacterial infections (both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria) [1][2][3]. It is commonly used to treat urinary and lower respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, bone and joint infections, anthrax, and urethral infections [4][5]. This antibiotic shows low biodegradability and high water solubility under different pH [6][7].…”

Simultaneous Determination of Some 5-Nitroimidazole Derivatives and Ciprofloxacin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…It is active against bacteria causing respiratory, urinary tract, gastrointestinal and abdominal infections. 4 CIP has low toxicity and that's why it is has been widely used in practice. Despite its wide range action, CIP has decreased activity against anaerobic microorganisms.…”

Rp-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Metronidazole and Ofloxacin in Synthetic Mixture

“…The official assay method in BP (British pharmacopeia, 2007), is non-aqueous titration. For the estimation of MET alone and in combination, various analytical methods have been reported, such as UV spectrometry (Mahrouse 2012;Mahrouse & Elkady 2011;Natesh 2013), and HPLC (Khadabadi & Devkar 2013;Patel, Shah, & Patel, 2009;Ramzia, Asma, Ehab, Maha, & Asma, 2015;Piponski et al, 2015). A few reverse phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) assay methods have been reported for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of OFL and MET in pharmaceutical dosage forms, using phosphate buffers (at various pH levels) and organic solvent mixtures (Kasabe, Shitole, Waghmare, & Mohite, 2009;Bind, Lokhande, Munigela, Kolhal, & Gupta, 2015).…”