Validating the enchytraeid reproduction test: organisation and results of an international ringtest

Römbke, Jörg; Moser, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00113-8

Cited by 87 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…They are present in a wide range of ecosystems, occur abundantly, play a key role in the functioning of the soil ecosystem, are easy to use, collect and culture, come into contact with a variety of stress factors (the soil solution, the solid phase, and the gaseous phase in soil), and are sensitive to environmental stresses (Didden and Römbke 2001, Römbke and Moser 2002, Schloter et al 2003. Importantly, changes in the soil faunal community composition has been shown to markedly affect e.g.…”

Section: Discussion Field Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of birch tar oils on soil organisms and plants

Hagner¹,

Pasanen²,

Lindqvist³

2008

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of birch tar oil (BTO) is a new innovation in plant and animal protection working against various weeds, harmful insects and rodents. Due to its novelty as a biocide/repellent/plant protection product, no comprehensive information on the effects of BTO on non-target soil organisms is available. In this study we examined the impact of BTO on non-target soil organisms (enchytraeids, nematodes and soil microbes) and plants using laboratory toxicity tests and field experiments. In addition, we determined the LC 50 value of BTO to the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa and the EC 50 value of BTO to the offspring production of the collembolan Folsomia candida. The effects of BTO on soil fauna were mostly insignificant. BTO seemed to be detrimental to the growth of plants directly after application, but this effect was short-term; after a period of 2.5 months, the growth of most of the plant species recovered completely from the application. The LC 50 for A. caliginosa was 6560 mg BTO kg -1 dry soil and EC 50 for juvenile production of F. candida was 5100 mg BTO kg -1 dry soil. The results indicate that the risk caused by BTOs (concentration 500−1360 l ha -1 ) to the soil environment is insignificant and short-term as compared to the many chemical products applied for similar purposes.

show abstract

Section: Discussion Field Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of birch tar oils on soil organisms and plants

Hagner¹,

Pasanen²,

Lindqvist³

2008

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Soil was gently stirred in order to force the individuals to float on the water surface and enable visual counting. For enchytraeids, individuals were fixed with 75% ethanol and dyed with a 1% Bengal red alcohol solution for 24 h, then passed though a 0.2 mm-mesh sieve and counted by eye (adapted from Römbke and Moser, 2002).…”

Section: Avoidance Test Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term mesofauna responses to soil additions of corn stover biochar and the role of microbial biomass

Domene

Hanley

Enders

et al. 2015

Applied Soil Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C TBiochar additions have been suggested to influence soil microbial communities that, through a cascade effect, may also impact soil fauna. In turn, any direct biochar effects on fauna can influence microbial communities through grazing, physical fragmentation of organic debris (and biochar) and modifying soil structure. If biochar creates a favorable environment for soil microorganisms, it is also plausible for fauna to be attracted to such microbially enriched habitats. However, how soil fauna respond to biochar addition to soil and what are the main factors that drive their behavior has rarely been experimentally addressed. Therefore, the behavior of two mesofauna species was assessed as a result of corn stover biochar (slow pyrolysis at 600 C) additions to a loamy temperate soil, after preincubation for 2, 17, 31 and 61 d, and related to variations in microbial biomass and activity. Microbial biomass increased by 5-56% and activity by 6-156% with increasing biochar rates for the different preincubation times. Over the incubation time, microbial biomass did not change or increased at most 15% with the different biochar rates, while in turn microbial activity decreased steadily (around 70-80% at day 61). Enchytraeids generally did not show avoidance or preference to biochar when provided with an alternative unamended soil, while collembolans often showed avoidance responses. However, collembolan avoidance to biochar decreased or disappeared in biochar mixtures with higher microbial biomass and water extractable NH 4 -N content, agreeing with the plausible role of microorganisms to potentially attract soil fauna after biochar applications. Avoidance response was mainly explained by environmental preferences of the test species and not by any toxic effect of the biochar in this study. However, avoidance after the application of biochar may still need to be considered due to the potential negative impacts of individuals' migration on soil ecosystem functioning.

show abstract

“…For about 50 years, enchytraeids have been used in laboratory studies with chemicals (e.g., Weuffen, 1968) and pesticides in particular (Way and Scopes, 1968; see also Römbke and Moser, 2002). These old data are difficult to evaluate because often agar or water was used as test substrate (e.g., Römbke and Knacker, 1989;Westheide et al, 1991;Christensen and Jensen, 1995;Kristufek and Ruzicka, 1995).…”

Section: Response At the Individual And Population Levels Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Römbke, 2003). Note that results were obtained in tests following either a NOEC design or ECx design (for details see Römbke and Moser, 2002).…”

Section: Effects Of Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Organic Pesticides on Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) in Agroecosystems: Laboratory and Higher-Tier Tests

Römbke

Schmelz

Pelosi

2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) are often considered to be typical forestliving organisms, but they are regularly found in agroecosystems of the temperate regions of the world. Although less known than their larger relatives, the earthworms, these saprophagous organisms play similar roles in agricultural soils (but at a smaller scale), e.g., influencing soil structure and organic matter dynamics via microbial communities, and having a central place in soil food webs. Their diversity is rarely studied or often underestimated due to difficulties in distinguishing the species. New genetic techniques reveal that even in anthropogenically highly influenced soils, more than 10 species per site can be found. Because of their close contact with the soil pore water, a high ingestion rate and a thin cuticle, they often react very sensitively to a broad range of pesticides. Firstly we provide a short overview of the diversity and abundance of enchytraeid communities in agroecosystems. Afterwards, we explore the available data on enchytraeid sensitivity toward pesticides at different levels of biological organization, focusing on pesticides used in (mainly) European agroecosystems. Starting with non-standardized studies on the effects of pesticides on the sub-individual level, we compile the results of standard laboratory tests performed following OECD and ISO guidelines as well as those of higher-tier studies (i.e., semi-field and field tests). The number of comparable test data is still limited, because tests with enchytraeids are not a regulatory requirement in the European Union. While focusing on the effects of pesticides, attention is also given to their interactions with environmental stressors (e.g., climate change). In conclusion, we recommend to increase the use of enchytraeids in pesticide risk assessment because of their diversity and functional importance as well as their increasingly simplified use in (mostly standardized) tests at all levels of biological organization.

show abstract

Validating the enchytraeid reproduction test: organisation and results of an international ringtest

Cited by 87 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of birch tar oils on soil organisms and plants

Effects of birch tar oils on soil organisms and plants

Short-term mesofauna responses to soil additions of corn stover biochar and the role of microbial biomass

Effects of Organic Pesticides on Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) in Agroecosystems: Laboratory and Higher-Tier Tests

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About