Validation and reliability of the Italian version of the Self-reported Mini Olfactory Questionnaire (Self-MOQ)

Abstract

Objective. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) represents a frequent complaint in general population and especially in patients with chronic sinonasal diseases. The aim of this study was the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Self-reported Mini Olfactory Questionnaire (Self-MOQ) into Italian. Methods. One hundred fifty patients affected by chronic sinonasal diseases and reporting hyposmia were enrolled. Other 150 normosmic subjects without inflammatory or neoplastic sinonasal disorders were used as a control group. The Short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire was used for clinical validity. Results. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.825. The test-retest reliability was excellent. The good correlation between the Self-MOQ and the Visual Analogue Scale scores (p < 0.05) demonstrated the construct validity of the questionnaire. The Self-MOQ was able to distinguish between subjects with or without OD (p < 0.05). Higher Self-MOQ score was found in case of nasal obstruction and posterior rhinorrhoea (p < 0.05). Self-MOQ showed significant correlation with SF-36 general health, SF-36 role functioning/physical, and SF-36 pain (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The Italian version of the Self-MOQ showed good internal consistency, testretest reliability, construct, and clinical validity.