Validation and reliability of the translated Malay version of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire for adolescents

Abstract

BackgroundThis paper describes the cross-cultural adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) into Malay version (Malay PIDAQ), an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) instrument specific for orthodontics for Malaysian adolescents between 12 and 17 years old.MethodsThe PIDAQ was cross-culturally adapted into Malay version by forward- and backward-translation processes, followed by psychometric validations. After initial investigation of the conceptual suitability of the measure for the Malaysian population, the PIDAQ was translated into Malay, pilot tested and back translated into English. Psychometric properties were examined across two age groups (319 subjects aged 12–14 and 217 subjects aged 15–17 years old) for factor structure, internal consistency, reproducibility, discriminant and construct validity, criterion validity, and assessment of floor and ceiling effects.ResultsFit indices by confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit statistics (comparative fit index = 0.936, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.064) and invariance across age groups. Internal consistency and reproducibility tests were satisfactory (Cronbach’s α = 0.71-0.91; intra-class correlations = 0.72-0.89). Significant differences in Malay PIDAQ mean scores were observed between subjects with severe malocclusion and those with slight malocclusion based on a self-rated and an investigator-rated malocclusion index, for all subscales and all age groups (p < 0.05). Construct validity of the Malay PIDAQ subscales with those who rated themselves with excellent to poor dental appearance and those who felt they needed or did not need braces, showed significant associations for all age groups (p < 0.05). Criterion validity also showed significant association between the Malay PIDAQ scores with those with and without impact on daily activities attributed to malocclusion. There were no ceiling effects detected but floor effects were detected for the Aesthetic Concern subscale.ConclusionThe study has provided initial evidence for the validity and reliability of the Malay PIDAQ to assess the impact of malocclusion on the OHRQoL of 12–17 year old Malaysian adolescents.

Prevalence, Extent and Severity of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics among Malaysian Adolescents

“…The internal consistencies of the PIDA domains were satisfactorily and consistent with past reports (Wan Hassan et al 2017aHassan et al , 2017b. The Cronbach alpha values for the DSC (0.86), SI (0.88) and PI (0.85) domains were within the recommended range of 0.70 and 0.95 (Terwee et al 2007).…”

Factors related to the psychological impact of malocclusion in adolescents

“…This questionnaire measures quality of life aspects linked to oral health which are specifically linked to dental aesthetics. Devised by Klages et al in 2006 11 , the questionnaire is filled in by the patient himself/herself and is geared towards use by adolescents and young adults; it has been widely validated in different languages and cultural contexts [12][13][14][15] . Data gathering.…”

Effect of Satisfaction With a Dental Appearance on the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Among Adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross Sectional Study.

“…While Afroz et al [5] determined that Indian men were signi cantly more concerned about their smile compared to women, and women were more satis ed with their dental aesthetics. The authors suggested that changes in the society and the impact of marketing made men concerned as women with their beauty and their physical appearance [5,22]. The diversity between these ndings and the present study could have resulted from differences in age of participants and study methods [19] or due to the ethnic and cultural differences between the studied populations [24].…”

“…Other studies didn't nd signi cant differences between males and females in regards to PIDAQ [22,23]. While Afroz et al [5] determined that Indian men were signi cantly more concerned about their smile compared to women, and women were more satis ed with their dental aesthetics.…”