Validation and Utility of Satellite Retrievals of Atmospheric Profiles in Detecting and Monitoring Significant Weather Events

Kalluri, Satya; Barnet, C.; Divakarla, Murty; Esmaili, Rebekah; Nalli, Nicholas R.; Pryor, Kenneth L.; Reale, Anthony; Smith, Nadia; Tan, Changyi; Wang, T.; Warner, J. X.; Wilson, Michael; Zhou, Lihang; Zhu, Tong

doi:10.1175/bams-d-20-0126.1

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Impact studies with Hurricane Joaquin (2015) and Hurricane Matthew (2016) indicate the assimilation of CrIS cloud cleared radiances show positive impacts on the analysis and forecast fields [11]. ATMS and CrIS data are used together to retrieve profiles of temperature and water vapor that are operationally used by National Weather Service meteorologists to assess atmospheric stability similar to radiosonde measurements to aid them in issuing forecasts and severe weather warnings [12]. In addition to NWP applications, CrIS data are also used to estimate profiles of atmospheric trace gasses such as O3, CO, CO2, SO2, HNO3 and N2O that are important for monitoring air quality and climate.…”

Section: Applications Of Atms and Crismentioning

confidence: 99%

Celebrating a decade of successful joint polar satellite system (JPSS) operations and preparing for JPSS-2 launch

Kalluri¹

2022

Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XXVI

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The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) mission successfully completed ten years of operations since its launch in 2011, and NOAA-20 is in its fourth year of operations since 2017. These two satellites have revolutionized how remote sensing measurements are used in both weather prediction as well as in other applications that serve a variety of users. The third JPSS satellite (JPSS-2) is scheduled to be launched on November 1, 2022. Some major contributions of the mission over the past decade are highlighted here.

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Section: Applications Of Atms and Crismentioning

confidence: 99%

Celebrating a decade of successful joint polar satellite system (JPSS) operations and preparing for JPSS-2 launch

Kalluri¹

2022

Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XXVI

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“…With this we addressed the need forecasters expressed for an increase in spatial coverage as well as temporal resolution of satellite soundings (Smith et al., 2019) specifically in the early afternoon to help improve situational awareness of the pre‐convective environment ahead of severe storm development. In recent years, NWS operational meteorologists have started to integrate satellite soundings in forecasting activities, ranging from severe weather forecasting to aviation support (E. B. Berndt et al., 2016; E. Berndt et al., 2020; Esmaili et al., 2020; Kalluri et al., 2022; Weaver et al., 2019). Through the support of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground and Risk Reduction program (PGRR) NUCAPS soundings derived from the CrIS/ATMS instruments onboard Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (SNPP) and later the NOAA‐20 satellite were introduced to the NWS operational environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, NWS operational meteorologists have started to integrate satellite soundings in forecasting activities, ranging from severe weather forecasting to aviation support (E. B. Berndt et al, 2016;Esmaili et al, 2020;Kalluri et al, 2022;Weaver et al, 2019). Through the support of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground and Risk Reduction program (PGRR) NUCAPS soundings derived from the CrIS/ATMS instruments onboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) and later the NOAA-20 satellite were introduced to the NWS operational environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Integrating NASA Aqua AIRS in a Real‐Time NUCAPS Science‐To‐Applications System to Support Severe Weather Forecasting

Berndt

Smith

Barnet

2023

Earth and Space Science

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Introduction and BackgroundThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Aqua Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) satellite sounding retrievals are now available in real-time (∼1 hr latency) for weather forecasting applications as a result of a collaboration between NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Science and Technology Corporation (STC), the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC), and the NASA Shortterm Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center at Marshall Space Flight Center. The authors developed a prototype science-to-applications system to make early afternoon sounding observations from Aqua available to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS). The goal of this project was to enable real-time processing of AIRS/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) observa tions through the NOAA Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) for rapid delivery to the NWS so that the retrieved "NUCAPS-Aqua" soundings could be available alongside NUCAPS soundings from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) on NOAA-20 (NUCAPS-NOAA20) within the operational environment. With this we addressed the need forecasters expressed for an increase in spatial coverage as well as temporal resolution of satellite soundings (Smith Abstract In recent years, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) hyperspectral infrared satellite sounding retrievals derived from Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) polar-orbiting satellites have been documented as observations that add value to weather forecasting applications. NUCAPS is currently the operational algorithm delivering JPSS satellite sounding retrievals to the NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) and is based on the heritage Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Science Team algorithm for processing vertical temperature, moisture, and trace gas retrievals. For the Special Collection on "Twenty Years of Observations from AIRS," we highlight the methodology we implemented to develop a prototype science-to-applications system to enable real-time processing of AIRS satellite sounding retrievals through the NUCAPS algorithm (i.e., NUCAPS-Aqua) to support weather forecasting applications. The addition of NUCAPS-Aqua to experimental real-time pathways alongside operational JPSS NUCAPS soundings, facilitated assessment of NUCAPS-Aqua at the 2022 Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Spring Experiment. Development of NUCAPS-Aqua described in this technical report includes preservation of microwave observations and calculation of a-priori regression coefficients. Additionally, the real-time processing and challenges with implementing a science-to-applications system are discussed. Two illustrative pre-convective forecasting examples analyzed by NWS forecasters during the 2022 HWT Spring Experiment are highlighted to demonstrate the benefit of NUCAPS-Aqua as (a) special afternoon so...

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“…Most recently, the Community Long‐term Infrared Microwave Combined Atmospheric Product System (CLIMCAPS) implemented cloud clearing to help bridge instrument differences across AIRS and CrIS (Cross‐track Infrared Sounder) for a long‐term continuous sounding record (N. Smith & Barnet, 2019, 2020, 2023) in clear and partly cloudy conditions. Cloud clearing also underpins the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) that generates satellite soundings for use in real‐time weather forecasting (Berndt et al., 2020; Esmaili et al., 2020; Kalluri et al., 2022). The main purpose of cloud clearing is to improve retrieval yield by allowing observations of the vertical atmospheric state in partly cloudy conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Implications of CLIMCAPS Cloud Clearing and Derived Quality Metrics

Smith

Barnet

2023

Earth and Space Science

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Clouds present one of the largest sources of uncertainty in infrared (IR) measurements of the vertical atmospheric state. Hyperspectral instruments onboard Earth orbiting satellites, such as the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on Aqua (2002–present), measure the top of atmosphere (TOA) radiances emitted by Earth surface and atmosphere. IR measurements are limited in their ability to distinguish different cloud structures. Lack of prior knowledge about clouds at the time of measurement can therefore significantly reduce the quality of retrieved soundings. The Community Long‐term Infrared Microwave Atmospheric Product System (CLIMCAPS) uses the AIRS Science Team (AST) cloud clearing methodology to remove the radiative effect of clouds from TOA IR measurements to improve the quality of its sounding retrievals and enable vertical observations in clear and partly cloudy conditions. In this paper we discuss how AST cloud clearing affects CLIMCAPS soundings and enable a global product for long‐term analysis of the atmospheric state.

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Validation and Utility of Satellite Retrievals of Atmospheric Profiles in Detecting and Monitoring Significant Weather Events

Cited by 16 publications

References 65 publications

Celebrating a decade of successful joint polar satellite system (JPSS) operations and preparing for JPSS-2 launch

Celebrating a decade of successful joint polar satellite system (JPSS) operations and preparing for JPSS-2 launch

Integrating NASA Aqua AIRS in a Real‐Time NUCAPS Science‐To‐Applications System to Support Severe Weather Forecasting

Practical Implications of CLIMCAPS Cloud Clearing and Derived Quality Metrics

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